← every election

BN won seats but lost the popular vote to Pakatan Rakyat.

5 May 2013222 seats112 for a majority

“Alliance/BN” held 133 of 222 seats — past the 112 needed to govern.

Alliance/BN133
PR/PH89

every seat, 2013

P.001 Padang Besar, PerlisP.002 Kangar, PerlisP.003 Arau, PerlisP.004 Langkawi, KedahP.005 Jerlun, KedahP.006 Kubang Pasu, KedahP.007 Padang Terap, KedahP.008 Pokok Sena, KedahP.009 Alor Setar, KedahP.010 Kuala Kedah, KedahP.011 Pendang, KedahP.012 Jerai, KedahP.013 Sik, KedahP.014 Merbok, KedahP.015 Sungai Petani, KedahP.016 Baling, KedahP.017 Padang Serai, KedahP.018 Kulim-Bandar Baharu, KedahP.019 Tumpat, KelantanP.020 Pengkalan Chepa, KelantanP.021 Kota Bharu, KelantanP.022 Pasir Mas, KelantanP.023 Rantau Panjang, KelantanP.024 Kubang Kerian, KelantanP.025 Bachok, KelantanP.026 Ketereh, KelantanP.027 Tanah Merah, KelantanP.028 Pasir Puteh, KelantanP.029 Machang, KelantanP.030 Jeli, KelantanP.031 Kuala Krai, KelantanP.032 Gua Musang, KelantanP.033 Besut, TerengganuP.034 Setiu, TerengganuP.035 Kuala Nerus, TerengganuP.036 Kuala Terengganu, TerengganuP.037 Marang, TerengganuP.038 Hulu Terengganu, TerengganuP.039 Dungun, TerengganuP.040 Kemaman, TerengganuP.041 Kepala Batas, Pulau PinangP.042 Tasek Gelugor, Pulau PinangP.043 Bagan, Pulau PinangP.044 Permatang Pauh, Pulau PinangP.045 Bukit Mertajam, Pulau PinangP.046 Batu Kawan, Pulau PinangP.047 Nibong Tebal, Pulau PinangP.048 Bukit Bendera, Pulau PinangP.049 Tanjong, Pulau PinangP.050 Jelutong, Pulau PinangP.051 Bukit Gelugor, Pulau PinangP.052 Bayan Baru, Pulau PinangP.053 Balik Pulau, Pulau PinangP.054 Gerik, PerakP.055 Lenggong, PerakP.056 Larut, PerakP.057 Parit Buntar, PerakP.058 Bagan Serai, PerakP.059 Bukit Gantang, PerakP.060 Taiping, PerakP.061 Padang Rengas, PerakP.062 Sungai Siput, PerakP.063 Tambun, PerakP.064 Ipoh Timor, PerakP.065 Ipoh Barat, PerakP.066 Batu Gajah, PerakP.067 Kuala Kangsar, PerakP.068 Beruas, PerakP.069 Parit, PerakP.070 Kampar, PerakP.071 Gopeng, PerakP.072 Tapah, PerakP.073 Pasir Salak, PerakP.074 Lumut, PerakP.075 Bagan Datuk, PerakP.076 Teluk Intan, PerakP.077 Tanjong Malim, PerakP.078 Cameron Highlands, PahangP.079 Lipis, PahangP.080 Raub, PahangP.081 Jerantut, PahangP.082 Indera Mahkota, PahangP.083 Kuantan, PahangP.084 Paya Besar, PahangP.085 Pekan, PahangP.086 Maran, PahangP.087 Kuala Krau, PahangP.088 Temerloh, PahangP.089 Bentong, PahangP.090 Bera, PahangP.091 Rompin, PahangP.092 Sabak Bernam, SelangorP.093 Sungai Besar, SelangorP.094 Hulu Selangor, SelangorP.095 Tanjong Karang, SelangorP.096 Kuala Selangor, SelangorP.097 Selayang, SelangorP.098 Gombak, SelangorP.099 Ampang, SelangorP.100 Pandan, SelangorP.101 Hulu Langat, SelangorP.102 Bangi, SelangorP.103 Puchong, SelangorP.104 Subang, SelangorP.105 Petaling Jaya, SelangorP.106 Damansara, SelangorP.107 Sungai Buloh, SelangorP.108 Shah Alam, SelangorP.109 Kapar, SelangorP.110 Klang, SelangorP.111 Kota Raja, SelangorP.112 Kuala Langat, SelangorP.113 Sepang, SelangorP.114 Kepong, W.P. Kuala LumpurP.115 Batu, W.P. Kuala LumpurP.116 Wangsa Maju, W.P. Kuala LumpurP.117 Segambut, W.P. Kuala LumpurP.118 Setiawangsa, W.P. Kuala LumpurP.119 Titiwangsa, W.P. Kuala LumpurP.120 Bukit Bintang, W.P. Kuala LumpurP.121 Lembah Pantai, W.P. Kuala LumpurP.122 Seputeh, W.P. Kuala LumpurP.123 Cheras, W.P. Kuala LumpurP.124 Bandar Tun Razak, W.P. Kuala LumpurP.125 Putrajaya, W.P. PutrajayaP.126 Jelebu, Negeri SembilanP.127 Jempol, Negeri SembilanP.128 Seremban, Negeri SembilanP.129 Kuala Pilah, Negeri SembilanP.130 Rasah, Negeri SembilanP.131 Rembau, Negeri SembilanP.132 Port Dickson, Negeri SembilanP.133 Tampin, Negeri SembilanP.134 Masjid Tanah, MelakaP.135 Alor Gajah, MelakaP.136 Tangga Batu, MelakaP.137 Hang Tuah Jaya, MelakaP.138 Kota Melaka, MelakaP.139 Jasin, MelakaP.140 Segamat, JohorP.141 Sekijang, JohorP.142 Labis, JohorP.143 Pagoh, JohorP.144 Ledang, JohorP.145 Bakri, JohorP.146 Muar, JohorP.147 Parit Sulong, JohorP.148 Ayer Hitam, JohorP.149 Sri Gading, JohorP.150 Batu Pahat, JohorP.151 Simpang Renggam, JohorP.152 Kluang, JohorP.153 Sembrong, JohorP.154 Mersing, JohorP.155 Tenggara, JohorP.156 Kota Tinggi, JohorP.157 Pengerang, JohorP.158 Tebrau, JohorP.159 Pasir Gudang, JohorP.160 Johor Bahru, JohorP.161 Pulai, JohorP.162 Iskandar Puteri, JohorP.163 Kulai, JohorP.164 Pontian, JohorP.165 Tanjung Piai, JohorP.166 Labuan, W.P. LabuanP.167 Kudat, SabahP.168 Kota Marudu, SabahP.169 Kota Belud, SabahP.170 Tuaran, SabahP.171 Sepanggar, SabahP.172 Kota Kinabalu, SabahP.173 Putatan, SabahP.174 Penampang, SabahP.175 Papar, SabahP.176 Kimanis, SabahP.177 Beaufort, SabahP.178 Sipitang, SabahP.179 Ranau, SabahP.180 Keningau, SabahP.181 Tenom, SabahP.182 Pensiangan, SabahP.183 Beluran, SabahP.184 Libaran, SabahP.185 Batu Sapi, SabahP.186 Sandakan, SabahP.187 Kinabatangan, SabahP.188 Lahad Datu, SabahP.189 Semporna, SabahP.190 Tawau, SabahP.191 Kalabakan, SabahP.192 Mas Gading, SarawakP.193 Santubong, SarawakP.194 Petra Jaya, SarawakP.195 Bandar Kuching, SarawakP.196 Stampin, SarawakP.197 Kota Samarahan, SarawakP.198 Puncak Borneo, SarawakP.199 Serian, SarawakP.200 Batang Sadong, SarawakP.201 Batang Lupar, SarawakP.202 Sri Aman, SarawakP.203 Lubok Antu, SarawakP.204 Betong, SarawakP.205 Saratok, SarawakP.206 Tanjong Manis, SarawakP.207 Igan, SarawakP.208 Sarikei, SarawakP.209 Julau, SarawakP.210 Kanowit, SarawakP.211 Lanang, SarawakP.212 Sibu, SarawakP.213 Mukah, SarawakP.214 Selangau, SarawakP.215 Kapit, SarawakP.216 Hulu Rajang, SarawakP.217 Bintulu, SarawakP.218 Sibuti, SarawakP.219 Miri, SarawakP.220 Baram, SarawakP.221 Limbang, SarawakP.222 Lawas, Sarawak

The road here

GE13 followed the 2008 election, in which BN lost its two-thirds parliamentary majority and PR won 82 seats. Najib Razak became Prime Minister in 2009; PR brought together PKR, DAP and PAS after the 2008 election.

The Dewan Rakyat was dissolved on 3 April 2013. Candidate nominations took place on 20 April, beginning the formal 15-day campaign, and voters went to the polls on 5 May.

In pre-election commentary, Liow expected the campaign to centre on competing priorities: BN on stability, continuity and economic growth, and PR on corruption, the cost of living and minority rights. Later academic work also identifies good governance, corruption and Bumiputera privileges among the campaign’s central themes.

BN retained government with 133 seats to PR’s 89, although PR had the larger national vote total. MPs are elected in individual constituencies, so those national totals do not allocate Dewan Rakyat seats. Najib was sworn in the following day as Prime Minister for a second term.

What the sources say

Najib Razak announced the post-GE13 federal Cabinet on 15 May 2013; contemporary published lists identify 30 ministerial posts and 27 deputy-ministerial posts across 24 ministries.

Astro AwaniBernama Images

The Dewan Rakyat was dissolved on 3 April 2013. Nomination was on 20 April and polling on 5 May, creating a 15-day formal campaign period.

Parliament of Malaysia

In pre-election commentary, Joseph Chinyong Liow anticipated that BN would emphasise stability, continuity and economic growth, while PR would focus on corruption, the cost of living and minority rights.

Joseph Chinyong Liow

BN won 133 of the 222 parliamentary seats and PR won 89; BN received 47.4% of votes and PR 50.9%.

ElectionData.MY

Malaysia elects MPs constituency by constituency; a national popular-vote total does not allocate Dewan Rakyat seats. The EC chairman said after GE13 that the party certified to have won the parliamentary contest was entitled to form the federal government.

ElectionData.MYAstro Awani

Najib Razak was sworn in for a second term as Prime Minister on 6 May 2013, after BN retained a parliamentary majority.

Al Jazeera

Why, and who says so

Explanations for a result are arguments, not facts.

Whether the result was principally an ethnic or an urban vote shift

Prime Minister and BN chairperson Najib Razak characterised the result as a “Chinese tsunami”.. Political analyst Shamsul Amri Baharuddin instead identified Malay middle-class support for PR in urban areas; later research by Jason Wei Jian Ng, Gary John Rangel, Santha Vaithilingam and Subramaniam S. Pillay found both ethnicity and urbanisation effects, and said the distinction could not be conclusively separated because urban constituencies and Chinese population shares were closely correlated..

MalaysiakiniBoo Su-LynNg et al.

advanced by Andreas Ufen and by Ng, Rangel, Vaithilingam and Pillay, who argued that BN’s rural-seat strength and unequal electorate sizes helped turn a lower national vote share into a parliamentary majority.

Andreas UfenNg et al.

advanced by political scientist Mohd Azizuddin Mohd Sani, who identified PR’s stronger use of social media as a major contributor to its result, alongside a large urban and suburban shift toward PR.

Mohd Azizuddin Mohd Sani

Whether GE13’s wider campaign conditions were fair

IDEAS and the Centre for Public Policy Studies, whose observers were accredited by the EC, concluded that the formal process from nomination to polling proceeded without major glitches but that media bias, constituency-size inequality, electoral-roll concerns and use of government machinery made GE13 only partially free and not fair. The EC chairman responded to post-election criticism by saying that claims of no EC improvement were false and describing the electoral roll used for GE13 as the cleanest possible.

IDEAS and CPPSAstro Awani

Still open

  • What accounts for retrospective GE12 baselines of 138 or 135 seats, given that ElectionData.MY reports BN won 140 of 222 seats at GE12 while a legacy SPR-hosted results table displays 139.

Promises

Manifesto ofBarisan Nasional, launched 6 April 2013. Government: May 2013 – the 2018 federal election.

The original BN-published document has not been located; promises are quoted from a contemporaneous reproduction, whose wording is a faithful paraphrase where checked. The reproduction carries 156 forward-looking commitments; one academic count gives 157.

  • Likely met — the record shows the promised action itself, dated within the tenure
  • Records found — related records exist; accounts may differ or fall short of the pledge
  • None found — no record located

P1 · 1. Easing the cost of living / Menangani kos sara hidup.

“Gradually increasing BR1M up to RM1,200 for households and RM600 for singles.”

Budget 2018 retained BR1M with a maximum household payment of RM1,200 and a single-person payment of RM450.

Free Malaysia Today

FMT reported the announced payment bands and said the maximum household amount remained RM1,200.

P4 · 1. Easing the cost of living / Menangani kos sara hidup.

“Gradually revise the National Automotive Policy to make national cars more competitive and reduce car prices by 20–30%.”

Malaysiakini reported that the National Automotive Policy 2014 liberalised manufacturing licences for energy-efficient vehicles, an identified element of the policy revision.

Bernama via Malaysiakini

Malaysiakini reported the policy’s liberalisation provisions; its cited account does not establish the promised car-price reduction.

1. Easing the cost of living / Menangani kos sara hidup

P1BR1M increaseRecords found

“Gradually increasing BR1M up to RM1,200 for households and RM600 for singles.”

1. Easing the cost of living / Menangani kos sara hidup.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Budget 2018 retained BR1M with a maximum household payment of RM1,200 and a single-person payment of RM450.

Free Malaysia Today

Independent reporting

FMT reported the announced payment bands and said the maximum household amount remained RM1,200.

the reported single-person amount differed from the pledged RM600

P2Book-voucher increaseRecords found

“Increase book vouchers to RM300.”

1. Easing the cost of living / Menangani kos sara hidup.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Budget 2014 continued Baucar Buku 1Malaysia at RM250 for pre-university and higher-education students.

Bernama via Malaysiakini

Independent reporting

Malaysiakini published Bernama’s contemporaneous account of the Budget 2014 announcement.

the reported amount was below the pledged RM300

P3School-aid increaseRecords found

“Increase school aid to RM150.”

1. Easing the cost of living / Menangani kos sara hidup.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Budget 2014 continued RM100 school assistance for primary and secondary pupils.

Bernama via Malaysiakini

Independent reporting

Malaysiakini published Bernama’s contemporaneous account of the Budget 2014 announcement.

the reported amount was below the pledged RM150

P4National Automotive Policy revisionRecords found

“Gradually revise the National Automotive Policy to make national cars more competitive and reduce car prices by 20–30%.”

1. Easing the cost of living / Menangani kos sara hidup.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Malaysiakini reported that the National Automotive Policy 2014 liberalised manufacturing licences for energy-efficient vehicles, an identified element of the policy revision.

Bernama via Malaysiakini

Independent reporting

Malaysiakini reported the policy’s liberalisation provisions; its cited account does not establish the promised car-price reduction.

this records the named-policy revision, not a record of the pledged price outcome

P5More Kedai Rakyat 1MalaysiaRecords found

“Increase Kedai Rakyat 1Malaysia.”

1. Easing the cost of living / Menangani kos sara hidup.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

A May 2014 report of the Government Transformation Programme’s 2013 results stated that 40 Kedai Rakyat 1Malaysia outlets had been built in 2013.

Bernama via Malaysiakini

Independent reporting

Malaysiakini published the reported 2013 outlet figure.

the source reports an annual outlet figure but does not identify openings after the election date

P61Malaysia products at petrol stations and hypermarketsRecords found

“Introduce 1Malaysia products at petrol stations and hypermarkets.”

1. Easing the cost of living / Menangani kos sara hidup.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

A government retrospective says 1Malaysia products were sold at selected petrol stations and hypermarkets; it does not give a rollout date or identify the outlets.

Department of Information

P7Klinik 1Malaysia in dense communities◆ Records found

“Open Klinik 1Malaysia in dense communities.”

1. Easing the cost of living / Menangani kos sara hidup.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

mStar reported that seven new clinics began operating in 2016, including at PPR Muhibah in Kuala Lumpur and UTC/RTC sites. The previously cited Ministry of Health 2016 annual report said 30 new clinics opened in 2016 and 360 were operating, but its www2.moh.gov.my host is unavailable and no retrievable archive capture was found. The two reported counts are not reconciled here.

mStar

Independent reporting

mStar reported the seven-clinic figure; the unavailable-host Ministry report is retained only as an attributed, unverified comparison.

P8More 1Malaysia day-care centresRecords found

“More 1Malaysia day-care centres.”

1. Easing the cost of living / Menangani kos sara hidup.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

A 25 April 2017 parliamentary answer says 44 TASKA 1Malaysia were operating by December 2016, with establishment and operating grants available to qualifying operators.

Ministry of Women

P9Broadband-fee reduction and bandwidthRecords found

“Lower broadband fees at least 20% with guaranteed bandwidth.”

1. Easing the cost of living / Menangani kos sara hidup.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Budget 2016 allocated RM1.2 billion for telecommunications infrastructure, including increasing stated rural internet speed from up to 5 Mbps to 20 Mbps.

Malaysiakini

Independent reporting

Malaysiakini published the budget speech, including the stated rural-speed measure.

this is a bandwidth-related allocation; the source does not document the pledged broadband-fee reduction or a bandwidth guarantee

P10One Country, One PriceRecords found

“Introduce ‘1Country 1Price’ for essential goods.”

1. Easing the cost of living / Menangani kos sara hidup.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Budget 2016 allocated RM260 million for the 1Harga 1Sarawak and 1Harga 1Sabah programmes, described as seeking uniform prices for selected goods nationwide.

Malaysiakini

Independent reporting

Malaysiakini published the budget speech’s description of the two named programmes.

the programmes concern price uniformity in Sabah and Sarawak; the source does not describe a nationwide scheme under the exact English name

P111Malaysia products through GLCs and private sectorNone found

“Introduce more 1Malaysia products through GLCs and the private sector.”

1. Easing the cost of living / Menangani kos sara hidup.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. The searches located background material listing 1Malaysia products by GLCs, but no retrieved dated action that expanded such products through GLCs and the private sector after GE13.

2. Uplifting urban well-being / Meningkatkan kehidupan warga bandar

P12Urban-focused ministryRecords found

“Restructure government, including a new ministry for urban demographic, economic and social challenges.”

2. Uplifting urban well-being / Meningkatkan kehidupan warga bandar.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Following the May 2013 Cabinet reshuffle, the Housing and Local Government ministry became the Ministry of Urban Wellbeing, Housing and Local Government.

Ministry of Urban Wellbeing

the source describes a restructuring and renaming, rather than the creation of a wholly separate ministry

P13Civil-society representation in local governmentNone found

“Increase NGO/civil-society representation in local government.”

2. Uplifting urban well-being / Meningkatkan kehidupan warga bandar.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. The searches returned the 2013 manifesto wording and general local-government material, not a dated measure increasing NGO or civil-society representation in local government.

P14Rehabilitate low-cost urban homes and flatsRecords found

“Rehabilitate low-cost urban houses and flats.”

2. Uplifting urban well-being / Meningkatkan kehidupan warga bandar.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

KPKT’s 2013 bulletin recorded RM55.9 million for the Public Housing Maintenance Programme to repair public low-cost strata flats, and described the 1Malaysia Maintenance Fund for private low- and low-middle-cost flats.

Ministry of Urban Wellbeing

the cited programmes directly concern low-cost-flat repair, but the bulletin does not provide a full post-election rehabilitation inventory

P15Maintain public-housing infrastructureRecords found

“Maintain public-housing infrastructure.”

2. Uplifting urban well-being / Meningkatkan kehidupan warga bandar.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

KPKT’s 2013 bulletin recorded the Public Housing Maintenance Programme for public low-cost strata flats and the 1Malaysia Maintenance Fund for private low- and low-middle-cost flats.

Ministry of Urban Wellbeing

these maintenance funds are directly relevant; the source does not show a transfer of all maintenance responsibility

P16Public housing for young jobseekersNone found

“Provide public housing for young jobseekers.”

2. Uplifting urban well-being / Meningkatkan kehidupan warga bandar.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. The searches returned youth and rent-to-own housing measures, but no retrieved scheme specifically providing public housing for young jobseekers.

P17Urban recreationNone found

“Provide urban recreation.”

2. Uplifting urban well-being / Meningkatkan kehidupan warga bandar.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

the pledge gives no site, programme, quantity, or defined facility

P18Urban education, training and health facilitiesNone found

“Ensure education, training and health facilities.”

2. Uplifting urban well-being / Meningkatkan kehidupan warga bandar.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

it does not name a facility, target, scheme, or location

P19Urban links to surrounding areasNone found

“Improve links to surrounding areas.”

2. Uplifting urban well-being / Meningkatkan kehidupan warga bandar.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

no defined route, place, or transport project is named

P20More Anjung Singgah sheltersRecords found

“Open more Anjung Singgah temporary shelters.”

2. Uplifting urban well-being / Meningkatkan kehidupan warga bandar.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Anjung Singgah Pulau Pinang began operating on 9 June 2014.

Ministry of Women

3. Affordable and secure housing / Menyediakan rumah mampu milik dan selamat

P21One million affordable homesRecords found

“Build 1,000,000 affordable homes, including 500,000 PR1MA homes.”

3. Affordable and secure housing / Menyediakan rumah mampu milik dan selamat.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

PR1MA’s 2016 annual report recorded PR1MA homes at various construction stages as at 31 March 2017.

PR1MA

this records PR1MA construction activity, not delivery of the manifesto-wide housing target

P22PR1MA price at least 20% below marketRecords found

“Price PR1MA at least 20% below market.”

3. Affordable and secure housing / Menyediakan rumah mampu milik dan selamat.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

PR1MA’s 2016 annual report stated that its homes were priced below market price on average.

PR1MA

this is PR1MA’s own reported price comparison

P23Lease-and-own government housingRecords found

“Lease-and-own government housing.”

3. Affordable and secure housing / Menyediakan rumah mampu milik dan selamat.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

A 21 December 2016 Dewan Negara answer says Cabinet agreed on 3 August 2016 to implement Rent-to-Own for owner-occupied PPR, beginning at named PPR projects in 2017 for applicants unable to obtain bank finance.

Parliament of Malaysia

Independent reporting

Astro Awani reported in September 2014 that the government introduced a PR1MA rent-to-own scheme for applicants facing difficulty obtaining housing loans, describing it as aimed at young people.

Astro Awani

P24Revive abandoned housing projectsRecords found

“Revive abandoned projects.”

3. Affordable and secure housing / Menyediakan rumah mampu milik dan selamat.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

The National Housing Department's figures record 192 abandoned housing projects, involving 52,745 units, completed in 2017; 15 projects were under rehabilitation that year.

Ministry of Housing and Local Government

Independent reporting

Malay Mail reported Najib’s December 2014 statement that 159 developments, or 74% of abandoned projects then identified, had been revived through government intervention.

Malay Mail

P25Take over public-housing maintenanceNone found

“Take over public-housing maintenance.”

3. Affordable and secure housing / Menyediakan rumah mampu milik dan selamat.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. The searches located maintenance funding for private low- and medium-low-cost flats, but not a retrieved federal takeover of public-housing maintenance.

P26Rehabilitate homes of poor and lower-income ownersNone found

“Help poor and lower-income owners rehabilitate homes.”

3. Affordable and secure housing / Menyediakan rumah mampu milik dan selamat.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. A Selangor assembly answer describes the state government’s Rumah Kerajaan Prihatin programme, which predates GE13; it is not treated as federal BN action for this pledge.

P27Replace squatter settlements with permanent housingNone found

“Replace squatter settlements with permanent housing.”

3. Affordable and secure housing / Menyediakan rumah mampu milik dan selamat.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. mStar reported a Kelantan state-government plan for Gua Musang squatters, but that state action is not treated as federal BN action for this pledge.

Independent reporting

mStar attributed the Gua Musang plan to the Kelantan state government.

mStar

P28Estate and former-estate-worker housingRecords found

“Improve estate housing and homes for former estate workers.”

3. Affordable and secure housing / Menyediakan rumah mampu milik dan selamat.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Najib launched the Ampar Tenang PPR project on 16 August 2017 for 400 former estate-worker families from four former estates; it was then expected to complete in July 2019.

Malay Mail

Independent reporting

StarProperty reported in March 2017 that RM56 million had been approved for the 400 replacement homes and described earlier delays.

StarProperty

P29Stamp-duty abolition for first homes below RM400,000Records found

“Abolish stamp duty for first homes below RM400,000.”

3. Affordable and secure housing / Menyediakan rumah mampu milik dan selamat.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Budget 2017 increased the first-time-buyer stamp-duty exemption to full exemption for homes up to RM300,000, for 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2018.

Malaysiakini

Independent reporting

Malaysiakini published the budget speech stating the threshold and period.

the source’s threshold was lower than the pledge’s threshold

4. Access to quality health services / Perkhidmatan kesihatan berkualiti

P30National quality-healthcare systemNone found

“Develop a national system giving every Malaysian quality healthcare.”

4. Access to quality health services / Perkhidmatan kesihatan berkualiti.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

it does not define the promised national system or an implementation instrument

P31Regional heart and cancer centresRecords found

“Establish heart and cancer centres in major hospitals in each region.”

4. Access to quality health services / Perkhidmatan kesihatan berkualiti.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Institut Kanser Negara, Putrajaya commenced operations on 2 September 2013 and provides specialised cancer services. This is a national cancer institute, not evidence of heart and cancer centres in every region.

Institut Kanser Negara

P32Public dialysis facilities in dense areasRecords found

“Public dialysis facilities in every dense area.”

4. Access to quality health services / Perkhidmatan kesihatan berkualiti.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

The Malaysian Dialysis and Transplant Registry’s 2016 report records 208 public dialysis centres in 2016, compared with 187 in 2011. The registry does not establish public facilities in every dense area.

Malaysian Society of Nephrology / National Renal Registry

P33Medication-discount card for persons with disabilitiesNone found

“Medication-discount cards for persons with disabilities.”

4. Access to quality health services / Perkhidmatan kesihatan berkualiti.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. The searches located GST relief for specified assistive devices and later fee exemptions, but not a medication-discount card for persons with disabilities.

P34Palliative home careNone found

“Palliative home-care support for the elderly and terminally ill.”

4. Access to quality health services / Perkhidmatan kesihatan berkualiti.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. The previously cited Health Ministry annual report is on the unavailable www2.moh.gov.my host and no retrievable archive capture was obtained; no replacement retrieved source was located in this repair.

the record concerns palliative home care, but does not establish its availability for every elderly or terminally ill person

5. Public transportation / Ke arah kecekapan terhebat pengangkutan awam

P35Rapid Bus nationwideNone found

“Extend Rapid Bus to every state capital.”

5. Public transportation / Ke arah kecekapan terhebat pengangkutan awam

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. The searches located individual Rapid Bus services, including Rapid Kamunting, but no retrieved rollout to every state capital.

P36Accessible Rapid BusNone found

“Provide facilities for older persons and persons with disabilities” on Rapid Bus.

5. Public transportation

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. The searches located a 2016 accessibility audit for MRT feeder buses and later descriptions of accessible buses, not a retrieved record of facilities being provided on Rapid Bus during the tenure.

P37MRT expansionRecords found

“Continue MRT … expansion.”

5. Public transportation

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

The Transport Ministry records that MRT Line 1 from Sungai Buloh to Kajang became fully operational in July 2017.

Ministry of Transport

Independent reporting

Malaysiakini’s publication of the 2016 budget speech recorded the MRT line’s planned phased openings.

Malaysiakini

the Transport Ministry’s chronology supplies the full-operation date

P38LRT expansionRecords found

“Continue … LRT … expansion.”

5. Public transportation

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

The Transport Ministry records that the Kelana Jaya and Ampang extension lines entered full operation on 30 June 2016.

Ministry of Transport

Independent reporting

Malaysiakini’s publication of the 2016 budget speech recorded the planned extensions.

Malaysiakini

this records the named extensions’ full-operation date

P39Komuter expansionRecords found

“Continue … Komuter expansion.”

5. Public transportation

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

KTM records the Northern Komuter service beginning between Kamunting and Padang Besar in 2015, its extension to Padang Rengas in 2016, and six-car coaches introduced in the Northern sector in 2017.

KTM Berhad

Independent reporting

Malaysiakini reported on 5 October 2017 that KTM Komuter's average daily ridership fell between 2015 and 2017; this is the outlet's reporting on use of the service, not a finding about the expansion itself.

Malaysiakini

After the tenure

The Skypark Link began in 2018.

P40Integrated transport terminalsNone found

“Integrated bus/rail/taxi terminals in all towns and cities.”

5. Public transportation

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. The searches located Terminal Bersepadu Selatan, which opened in 2011 before the election, but no retrieved action providing integrated bus/rail/taxi terminals in all towns and cities.

P41Bus-route reroutingNone found

“Reroute buses.”

5. Public transportation

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

it names neither a route nor a city, operator, or service change

P42Individual taxi permitsRecords found

“Increase individual taxi permits.”

5. Public transportation

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

An SPAD announcement mirrored by the spadnews.blogspot.com blog said in November 2016 that taxi permits had been liberalised to individual drivers under the Pajak model; it reported 1,600 applications since 1 September 2016.

SPAD announcement mirror

Independent reporting

paultan.org reported in July 2016 that the proposed liberalisation would give eligible drivers individual permits; it also reported that the prior issue of about 2,000 permits was in 2013.

Mohd Farid Awaludin

P43High-speed railRecords found

“Implement high-speed rail.”

5. Public transportation

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Malaysia and Singapore signed a memorandum of understanding on the Kuala Lumpur–Singapore High-Speed Rail on 19 July 2016.

Bernama via Malaysiakini

Independent reporting

Malaysiakini published Bernama’s account of the signed MOU and its stated project terms.

the MOU is an agreement record, not a record of construction

P44Double trackingRecords found

“Extend double tracking.”

5. Public transportation

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Budget 2014 listed the Ipoh–Padang Besar and Gemas–Johor Bahru double-tracking projects among projects to be implemented.

Bernama via Free Malaysia Today

Independent reporting

FMT published Bernama’s contemporaneous budget report naming both double-tracking projects.

this is a Budget 2014 project commitment; it is not treated as a completed-project record

6. World-class infrastructure and rural transformation / Pembangunan infrastruktur dan transformasi luar bandar

P45North–South Expressway expansionRecords found

“Expand the North–South Expressway.”

6. World-class infrastructure and rural transformation / Pembangunan infrastruktur dan transformasi luar bandar

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

In April 2015, a Works Ministry parliamentary answer said the fourth-lane widening project at specified PLUS locations was 93% complete and projected to finish before September 2015; the project began in 2012.

Parliament of Malaysia

Independent reporting

The Star reported in May 2014 that the 63.3-km widening project was 62% complete.

The Star

6. Infrastructure and rural transformation

P46Pan Borneo HighwayRecords found

“Build the 2,300-km Pan Borneo Highway.”

6. Infrastructure and rural transformation

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Najib launched construction and upgrading work for the Sarawak Pan Borneo Highway at the Nyabau–Bakun section on 31 March 2015. The Works Ministry described the launch as delivering the BN manifesto pledge announced in April 2013.

Ministry of Works

Independent reporting

FMT reported in April 2016 that Najib witnessed the project-delivery-partner agreement for the Sabah highway.

Free Malaysia Today

the Ministry source expressly connects the launch to the 2013 manifesto

P47East Coast Highway extensionRecords found

“Extend the East Coast Highway.”

6. Infrastructure and rural transformation

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

The East Coast Expressway Phase 2 was fully opened to traffic on 31 January 2015.

Bernama via Malaysiakini

Independent reporting

Malaysiakini published Bernama’s report identifying the full opening date.

this records the named highway’s opening, without treating it as a measurement of the pledge’s scope

P48West Coast HighwayRecords found

“Build a Banting–Taiping West Coast Highway.”

6. Infrastructure and rural transformation

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

The West Coast Expressway was launched at Teluk Intan in May 2014; a 2015 report said work in Perak had been carried out, specifically in Teluk Intan.

MalaysiakiniBernama via Malaysiakini

Independent reporting

Malaysiakini reported both the 2014 launch and the 2015 ministerial update on works.

the reports identify the Banting–Taiping project, while the cited 2015 account also notes alignment issues in Selangor

P49Intra-city toll reductionRecords found

“Reduce intra-city tolls.”

6. Infrastructure and rural transformation

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Budget 2018 announced abolition of toll collection at Batu Tiga, Shah Alam and Sungai Rasau from 1 January 2018.

Bernama via Malaysiakini

Independent reporting

Malaysiakini published the contemporaneous report of the announced abolition at the named urban toll points.

this is a record for specified toll points, not all intra-city tolls

P5021st-Century VillagesRecords found

“Introduce 21st-Century Villages.”

6. Infrastructure and rural transformation

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

The 2016 National Transformation Programme annual report records the Kampung Abad ke-21 programme, led through Desa Lestari; it says 20 Desa Lestari villages reached the 2016 target and identifies the Rural Business Challenge as another programme component.

PEMANDU

Independent reporting

Malaysiakini reported in July 2013 that the government targeted 39 villages for the programme and said implementation through Desa Lestari would begin in 2014.

Malaysiakini

P51Peninsular paved roadsRecords found

“Build 6,300 km of paved roads in Peninsular Malaysia.”

6. Infrastructure and rural transformation

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

The NTP 2016 report recorded 6,041.7 km of new rural roads delivered nationwide from 2010–2016, including 755.42 km in 2016. It does not allocate this total to Peninsular Malaysia or establish the pledge’s 6,300-km Peninsular figure.

PEMANDU

Independent reporting

Malay Mail reported the NTP’s nationwide 6,041.7-km figure.

Malay Mail

P52Sabah paved roadsRecords found

“Build 2,500 km in Sabah.”

6. Infrastructure and rural transformation

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

The NTP 2016 report recorded 6,041.7 km of new rural roads nationwide from 2010–2016, including 755.42 km in 2016. It does not separately report Sabah mileage or establish the pledge’s 2,500-km figure.

PEMANDU

Independent reporting

Malay Mail reported the NTP’s nationwide 6,041.7-km figure.

Malay Mail

P53Sarawak paved roadsRecords found

“Build 2,800 km in Sarawak.”

6. Infrastructure and rural transformation

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

The NTP 2016 report recorded 6,041.7 km of new rural roads nationwide from 2010–2016, including 755.42 km in 2016. It does not separately report Sarawak mileage or establish the pledge’s 2,800-km figure.

PEMANDU

Independent reporting

Malay Mail reported the NTP’s nationwide 6,041.7-km figure.

Malay Mail

P54Treated-water problemsRecords found

“Solve treated-water problems in Selangor, Federal Territories and Kelantan.”

6. Infrastructure and rural transformation

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

The federal and Selangor governments signed a water-restructuring Heads of Agreement on 1 August 2014, following their February agreement to build the Langat 2 water-treatment plant and distribution system. This addresses the Selangor/Federal Territories portion of the pledge; no corresponding Kelantan action was retrieved.

Malay Mail

Independent reporting

Malay Mail reported the agreement and attributed its description as a long-term Selangor water solution to the parties signing it.

Malay Mail

P55Clean water to 320,000 homesRecords found

“Extend clean water to 320,000 homes.”

6. Infrastructure and rural transformation

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

An Eleventh Malaysia Plan strategy paper records that, by 2014, 320,000 homes had been connected to clean, treated water under the rural basic-infrastructure programme.

Economic Planning Unit

P56Peninsular electricityRecords found

“Provide electricity to 6,000 homes.”

6. Infrastructure and rural transformation

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

The NTP 2016 report recorded that 153,821 houses gained electricity connection nationwide from 2010–2016. It does not allocate the figure to Peninsular Malaysia or establish the pledge’s 6,000-home figure. The previously cited Energy Commission URL is a 404 and no retrievable archive capture was found.

PEMANDU

P57Sabah electricityRecords found

“Provide electricity to 60,000 Sabah homes.”

6. Infrastructure and rural transformation

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Utusan Borneo reported in August 2018 that KKLW data recorded 24,823 rural Sabah homes gaining electricity coverage from 2010 to 2017. This does not establish the manifesto’s 60,000-home figure. The previously cited Energy Commission URL is a 404 and no retrievable archive capture was found.

Utusan Borneo

Independent reporting

Utusan Borneo reported the cited KKLW figure.

P58Sarawak electricityRecords found

“Provide electricity to 80,000 Sarawak homes.”

6. Infrastructure and rural transformation

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

The NTP 2016 report recorded 153,821 houses gaining electricity connection nationwide from 2010–2016. It does not separately report Sarawak connections or establish the manifesto’s 80,000-home figure. The earlier Energy Commission URL is a 404 and the Sarawak Energy report was not retrievable in this repair.

PEMANDU

P59Reliable mobile and wireless coverageNone found

“Require reliable mobile/wireless coverage.”

6. Infrastructure and rural transformation

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

it contains no area, minimum coverage, technology, or implementation instrument

7. Sustainable, dynamic and innovative economy / Ekonomi mampan, dinamik dan inovatif

P60Investment targetRecords found

“Attract RM1.3 trillion investment.”

7. Sustainable, dynamic and innovative economy / Ekonomi mampan, dinamik dan inovatif

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

MIDA's 2013 investment-performance report recorded RM161.1 billion in realised private investment and described the RM1.3 trillion private-investment figure as the 2011–2020 ETP requirement. It is a contemporaneous investment record, not a five-year total for this pledge.

Malaysian Investment Development Authority

7. Economy

P61Job-creation targetRecords found

“Create 3.3 million jobs (two million high-income).”

7. Economy

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

The 2018 Budget speech recorded about 2.26 million jobs created against the 3.3-million 2020 target. This is a reported result, rather than a distinct programme identified for the manifesto pledge.

Ministry of Finance

Independent reporting

Penang Institute said in its 9 October 2016 labour-market assessment that it found 2.2 million net jobs since the ETP launch and raised concerns about high-skill job creation, vulnerable employment, and youth and graduate unemployment.

Penang Institute

P62Per-capita incomeNone found

“Reach per-capita income US$15,000 by 2020.”

7. Economy

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. The searches returned income statistics and the long-term US$15,000 high-income objective, rather than a discrete action addressing the per-capita-income pledge.

P63Innovation and creative-venture incentivesNone found

“Provide incentives for innovative/creative ventures.”

7. Economy

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

it specifies neither an incentive nor an eligible programme or recipient

P64Fair and equitable policiesNone found

“Provide fair and equitable policies.”

7. Economy

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

it is an aspiration without a defined policy instrument

P65Bumiputera agendaNone found

“Strengthen the Bumiputera agenda.”

7. Economy

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

no particular agency, fund, rule, or target is named

P66Food and livestock productivityNone found

“Increase land/productivity for food and livestock.”

7. Economy

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

it gives no programme, commodity, location, or measurable target

P67Broad-based tax reformRecords found

“Reform to a broad-based tax system.”

7. Economy

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Budget 2014 announced that the Goods and Services Tax would be introduced from 1 April 2015, replacing the Sales and Services Tax.

Malaysiakini

Independent reporting

Malaysiakini published the Budget 2014 announcement and stated commencement date.

After the tenure

GST was zero-rated from 1 June 2018 by the subsequent government.

the source records the introduction announced in the budget

P68Personal and corporate tax reductionRecords found

“Gradually reduce personal/corporate tax.”

7. Economy

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Budget 2017 announced a reduction in the small-and-medium-enterprise rate on its first RM500,000 of taxable income, starting in the 2017 assessment year.

Malaysiakini

Independent reporting

Malaysiakini published the budget speech’s SME corporate-tax measure.

this records a corporate-tax measure only; it does not establish a personal-tax reduction under the pledge

P69Special funding from oil and gas revenueNone found

“Continue special cash and operating/development funding above 20% of oil and gas revenue to Sabah, Sarawak, Terengganu, Kelantan and Pahang.”

7. Economy

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. The searches located petroleum payments at a 5% rate and later debate over a proposed 20% royalty, not special cash and operating/development funding above 20% of oil and gas revenue for the five named states.

Independent reporting

The Edge reported on 26 July 2018 (its page carries an issue date of 1 August 2018) that Sabah and Sarawak were receiving a 5% oil royalty and described the then-new government's separate proposed 20% mechanism.

The Edge Malaysia

After the tenure

In a 2020 parliamentary reply reported by Bernama on 2 November 2020, the Economy Minister gave petroleum-payment totals for 2008–August 2020 and said Petronas paid 5% of petroleum-product sales directly to Sabah and Sarawak.

P70SME transformation/National Trading CompanyRecords found

“Undertake SME transformation [and a] National Trading Company.”

7. Economy

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

MITI records that its Mid-Tier Companies Development Programme launched in January 2014 as a nine-month export-acceleration programme to develop selected companies' international competitiveness. No retrieved source established a National Trading Company.

Ministry of International Trade and Industry

P71Global and regional championsNone found

“Create more global and regional champions.”

7. Economy

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

it identifies no enterprise, programme, or measurable criterion for a champion

P72Non-strategic GLC divestment and Bumiputera outsourcingRecords found

“Divest non-strategic GLCs and expand Bumiputera outsourcing.”

7. Economy

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Malaysiakini reported that the Economic Transformation Programme’s 2014 annual report described contracts carved out of mega projects for Bumiputera companies, including the West Coast Expressway.

Malaysiakini

Independent reporting

Malaysiakini attributed the contract-carve-out account to the Economic Transformation Programme’s 2014 annual report.

the source concerns the outsourcing portion only; it does not identify a non-strategic GLC divestment, and the pledge does not name the GLCs or outsourcing programme

P73Indian-community equity fundRecords found

“Provide RM500 million in seed funding to increase the equity of the Indian community to at least 3%.”

7. Economy

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

The 2018 Budget speech announced 1.5 billion additional Amanah Saham 1Malaysia units for the Indian community, up to 30,000 units per investor, and a RM500 million loan fund over five years. These are unit-trust distribution and loan measures; the retrieved speech does not describe RM500 million of equity seed funding or show that they were directed to the pledge’s at-least-3% equity target.

Ministry of Finance

P74Indian-community implementation unitRecords found

“Establish an Indian-community implementation unit.”

7. Economy

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

The Finance Ministry's 2014/15 Economic Report says a Unit Khas Masyarakat India was established in the Prime Minister's Department to coordinate implementation of programmes for the Indian community.

Ministry of Finance

After the tenure

MITRA says that four Indian-community units, including the Special Implementation Task Force, were established in 2014 and were consolidated under SEDIC in 2017; SEDIC was rebranded MITRA in 2018.

P75Microcredit for hawkers and petty tradersRecords found

“Provide more microcredit including RM100m for hawkers and petty traders.”

7. Economy

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

On 5 June 2014, Najib launched the Ramadan Bazaar i-Micro Financing scheme: RM45 million managed by Bank Rakyat, with interest-free loans of up to RM3,000 for petty traders and hawkers. This is microcredit for the named group, but not evidence that the manifesto's RM100 million amount was provided.

Malay Mail/Bernama

Independent reporting

Malay Mail carried Bernama's report of the scheme's launch and terms.

the amount and target group differ from the manifesto wording

8. Educational excellence / Membina kecemerlangan pendidikan negara

P76Top-third education systemsRecords found

“Bring Malaysia into the top third of education systems.”

8. Educational excellence / Membina kecemerlangan pendidikan negara

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

The Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013–2025, launched in September 2013, set an aspiration for Malaysia to reach the top third of countries in TIMSS and PISA within 15 years.

Ministry of Education

Independent reporting

Free Malaysia Today reported at the launch that the Blueprint set the top-third TIMSS/PISA aspiration.

FMT

the Blueprint expresses the target as an aspiration, rather than reporting it as attained during the tenure

P77BM and English improvementNone found

“Improve Bahasa Malaysia and English.”

8. Educational excellence

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

it gives no defined instrument, timetable or measurable target

P78English compulsory SPM passRecords found

“Make English a compulsory SPM pass.”

8. Educational excellence

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

The Education Ministry postponed the planned requirement for candidates to pass English in SPM, which had been intended to take effect in 2016, on 19 August 2015.

Malay Mail

Independent reporting

Malay Mail reported the postponement and the intended 2016 start date.

the source records a planned specific requirement and its postponement, not its implementation

P79Rural/minority accessNone found

“Improve rural/minority access especially [in] Sabah and Sarawak.”

8. Educational excellence

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

rural and minority access are goals without a defined programme or target

P80Merit scholarshipsNone found

“Provide more merit scholarships with disadvantaged-community provisions.”

8. Educational excellence

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

it does not identify a scholarship scheme, amount or number of awards

P81School allocationsNone found

“Continue allocations to national, Chinese, Tamil, religious-aided, MARA, fully residential and mission schools.”

8. Educational excellence

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. Searches did not locate a source that connects a tenure allocation to this full list of school types.

the commitment identifies specific recipient school categories, but not amounts

P148Single-session schoolingNone found

“Expand single-session schooling.”

8. Educational excellence / Membina kecemerlangan pendidikan negara.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. The searches located policy discussion and school-construction material, but no retrieved dated expansion of single-session schooling.

P149Teacher-training collegesRecords found

“Revamp teacher-training colleges and raise entry qualifications for trainee teachers.”

8. Educational excellence / Membina kecemerlangan pendidikan negara.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

The Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013–2025 set out a programme to revamp the Institut Pendidikan Guru and raise entry requirements for teacher training. It records the post-election policy programme, not a completed review of every college.

Ministry of Education

P150Bahasa Malaysia teaching in Chinese and Tamil schoolsNone found

“Introduce a simplified teaching and learning system for Bahasa Malaysia in Chinese and Tamil schools.”

8. Educational excellence / Membina kecemerlangan pendidikan negara.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. No retrieved source described the specified simplified system for both Chinese and Tamil schools.

P151More schools of all typesRecords found

“Build more schools of all types.”

8. Educational excellence / Membina kecemerlangan pendidikan negara.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Budget 2017 provided for completion of 227 schools, including eight new schools. The source does not identify every school type in the manifesto wording.

Ministry of Finance

Independent reporting

mStar reported the Budget 2017 school-construction measures.

mStar

P152Mathematics, science and higher-order thinkingRecords found

“Enhance performance in Mathematics and Science, including higher-order thinking.”

8. Educational excellence / Membina kecemerlangan pendidikan negara.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Budget 2017 allocated for upgrading 1,800 science laboratories. It is a science-facility action and does not by itself document the stated Mathematics or higher-order-thinking outcomes.

Ministry of Finance

Independent reporting

mStar reported the Budget 2017 laboratory-upgrade allocation.

mStar

P153Special-needs classesRecords found

“Provide financial incentives of RM100,000 a year for schools with special-needs classes.”

8. Educational excellence / Membina kecemerlangan pendidikan negara.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Budget 2017 provided a RM150 monthly allowance for 67,000 special-needs pupils and replacement vehicles for 21 special-education schools. This is related support, not evidence of the promised RM100,000-a-year school incentive.

Ministry of Finance

P154Fully aided Tamil schoolsNone found

“Convert willing SJKTs to fully aided schools.”

8. Educational excellence / Membina kecemerlangan pendidikan negara.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. The retrieved Budget 2017 record includes maintenance funding for national-type Tamil schools, but no dated conversion of willing SJKTs to fully aided status.

P155ICT laboratoriesNone found

“Set up ICT laboratories in all schools that require them.”

8. Educational excellence / Membina kecemerlangan pendidikan negara.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. Budget 2017’s teacher-tablet allocation is not treated as evidence that ICT laboratories were set up in all schools that required them.

P156Vocational colleges and enrolmentNone found

“Transform vocational schools into colleges and increase enrolment to 20% of the student population.”

8. Educational excellence / Membina kecemerlangan pendidikan negara.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. The searches located general TVET policy material but no retrieved source establishing both the school-to-college transformation and the 20% enrolment figure.

P157Pre-school expansionRecords found

“Expand pre-school education to cover all types of schools.”

8. Educational excellence / Membina kecemerlangan pendidikan negara.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Budget 2017 allocated RM132 million to improve access to free pre-school education in government schools, stated to benefit 200,000 children. It does not establish coverage of all school types.

Ministry of Finance

Independent reporting

mStar reported the Budget 2017 pre-school measure.

mStar

P158Teacher career pathwaysRecords found

“Provide new career pathways to fast-track promotion of 420,000 teachers.”

8. Educational excellence / Membina kecemerlangan pendidikan negara.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

The Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013–2025 set out teaching, leadership and subject-matter-expert career pathways and a revised fast-track progression approach. It is a policy programme for the teaching workforce, not a record that 420,000 teachers received fast-track promotion.

Ministry of Education

P159Campus Wi-FiRecords found

“Provide free Wi-Fi on all public-institution campuses.”

8. Educational excellence / Membina kecemerlangan pendidikan negara.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Budget 2017 announced an initiative to increase broadband service at public universities to up to 100 gigabits per second. It is a public-university broadband measure, not a record of free Wi-Fi at every public-institution campus.

mStar

Independent reporting

mStar reported the announced public-university broadband measure.

P160School laptop ownershipRecords found

“Introduce a laptop-ownership scheme in schools.”

8. Educational excellence / Membina kecemerlangan pendidikan negara.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Budget 2017 allocated tablets as teaching aids for 430,000 teachers. This is not treated as a school laptop-ownership scheme.

Ministry of Finance

Independent reporting

mStar reported the teacher-tablet allocation.

mStar

9. Security and public safety / Keselamatan dan ketenteraman awam

P82Police recruitmentNone found

“Add 4,000 police annually.”

9. Security and public safety / Keselamatan dan ketenteraman awam

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. Searches did not locate a source connecting annual recruitment of 4,000 officers to this commitment.

it contains a numerical annual target

P83Public lightingNone found

“Improve lighting.”

9. Security and public safety

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

no location, programme or quantity of lighting is given

P84Motorcycle patrol vehiclesNone found

“Add 5,000 motorcycle-patrol vehicles.”

9. Security and public safety

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. The retrieved record of 1,800 motorcycles concerns a pre-election patrol initiative and does not establish delivery of the promised additional 5,000 vehicles during this tenure.

the pledge specifies 5,000 vehicles

P85Police, armed forces and maritime-enforcement capacityNone found

“Improve [their] welfare/professionalism/capability.”

9. Security and public safety

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

welfare, professionalism and capacity are not tied to a defined instrument

P86Defence capabilityNone found

“Improve defence capability.”

9. Security and public safety

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

it states a general defence objective

P87Police CommissionNone found

“Maintain/strengthen the Police Commission.”

9. Security and public safety

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. Searches did not identify an action to maintain or strengthen the Police Commission that is connected to this commitment.

it names the Police Commission

P886P and undocumented migrantsNone found

“Use 6P against undocumented migrants.”

9. Security and public safety

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. Searches did not locate a tenure action specifically applying the 6P programme under this commitment.

it names the 6P programme

P89SafeCamNone found

“Create SafeCam.”

9. Security and public safety

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. Searches did not locate an implementation record for a SafeCam programme linking private and public CCTV systems.

SafeCam is a named programme

P90CCTV expansionNone found

“Expand CCTV.”

9. Security and public safety

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. The material retrieved on CCTV concerned earlier installations and did not connect a tenure expansion to this commitment.

CCTV is a specific, testable infrastructure measure

P91Public-housing securityNone found

“Undertake public-housing security initiatives.”

9. Security and public safety

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

"security initiatives" are unspecified

P92Police Volunteer ReservesRecords found

“Add 50,000 Police Volunteer Reserves.”

9. Security and public safety

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Astro Awani reported in 2013 that PDRM would add 50,000 Police Volunteer Reserve members to help control crime. The report records a stated recruitment action, not a completed-recruitment total.

Astro Awani

Independent reporting

Astro Awani reported the stated 50,000-member recruitment plan.

it gives a numerical recruitment target

10. Women’s participation / Memperkasa penyertaan wanita

P93Women in decision-makingNone found

“Increase women in national decision-making.”

10. Women’s participation / Memperkasa penyertaan wanita

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

it contains neither a target nor a defined decision-making body

P94Gender equalityNone found

“Promote gender equality.”

10. Women’s participation

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

it is a general objective

P95Women’s business and income opportunitiesNone found

“Provide more women’s business/income opportunities.”

10. Women’s participation

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

it does not name a fund, scheme, amount or target

P96Work-from-home incentivesNone found

“Provide incentives for work from home, especially [for] single mothers.”

10. Women’s participation

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

the incentives are not defined

P97Child-care centresRecords found

“Provide day-care centres in GLCs and government offices and encourage the private sector.”

10. Women’s participation

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

A 2017 parliamentary answer recorded JPA’s RM200,000 launch grant for a ministry or government department to establish a workplace TASKA and a RM180 monthly childcare-fee subsidy for each child of qualifying civil servants. It records government-office support, not a roll-out in GLCs or the private sector.

Ministry of Women

it identifies centres and their intended institutional locations

P98Sexual-abuse and harassment lawNone found

“Tighten laws against sexual abuse and harassment in homes and workplaces.”

10. Women’s participation

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. Searches did not locate a tenure law change specifically tightening sexual-abuse and workplace/home harassment law.

After the tenure

The Anti-Sexual Harassment Act 2022 was enacted after the tenure.

it calls for a change in law on a defined subject

11. Youth / Memenuhi aspirasi belia

P99Youth business supportNone found

“Provide funding/training/incentives for youth businesses.”

11. Youth / Memenuhi aspirasi belia

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

funding, training and incentives are not tied to a named scheme or amount

P100Youth commercial spaceNone found

“Provide monthly commercial space in shopping complexes.”

11. Youth

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. Searches did not locate evidence of the promised monthly space in shopping complexes.

it identifies the service, frequency and venue type

P101Youth leadership and creativity incubatorsNone found

“Provide leadership/creativity incubators.”

11. Youth

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

it does not identify an incubator programme or facility

P1021M4U volunteerismRecords found

“Promote volunteerism through 1M4U.”

11. Youth

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Malaysiakini’s reproduction of the Budget 2015 speech stated that the government would intensify youth volunteerism through 1M4U and introduce MyCorp, with RM10 million for MyCorp’s international welfare and socio-economic volunteer activities.

Malaysiakini

Independent reporting

Malaysiakini reproduced the budget statement. The earlier phl.hasil.gov.my primary link is dead and no retrievable archive capture was obtained.

1M4U is a named programme; the RM10 million is stated for MyCorp, not for 1M4U

P103Free Wi-FiRecords found

“Provide more free Wi-Fi, especially [in] rural and semi-urban [areas].”

11. Youth

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

In March 2015, the Metro WiFi project made free Wi-Fi available at PPR Bandar Tun Razak. This is an urban public-housing action, not evidence of rural or semi-urban coverage. The previously cited article’s 44-complex figure is not relied on here because it was not retrievable for confirmation.

Malaysiakini

Independent reporting

Malaysiakini reported the project and its participating agencies; the unconfirmed 44-complex figure is omitted.

free Wi-Fi is a defined service; the retrieved action is narrower than the stated emphasis on rural and semi-urban areas

P104High-performance athletes and healthy lifestylesNone found

“Produce more high-performance athletes and healthier lifestyles.”

11. Youth

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

it combines general sporting and health aspirations without a defined intervention

P105Entertainment lawNone found

“Revisit entertainment law for performing arts and culture.”

11. Youth

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. Searches did not locate a tenure review or amendment connected to performing-arts and culture entertainment law.

it calls for a legal review in a defined field

12. Social safety nets / Jaringan keselamatan sosial

P106Unified assistance databaseNone found

“Create a unified assistance database.”

12. Social safety nets / Jaringan keselamatan sosial

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. The eKasih poverty database is not, on the retrieved material, established as the promised unified cross-assistance database.

a unified database is a defined administrative system

P107Race-neutral lower-income assistanceNone found

“Provide financial/education assistance for lower-income people irrespective of race.”

12. Social safety nets

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

no assistance programme, eligibility rule or amount is specified

P108Blind-friendly BrickfieldsNone found

“Make Brickfields a blind-friendly model zone.”

12. Social safety nets

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. Searches did not locate a tenure action establishing Brickfields as the stated model zone.

it identifies a named place and a model-zone outcome

P109Special NCR courtsNone found

“Establish special courts for NCR issues.”

12. Social safety nets

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. Searches did not locate a special court established for native customary rights issues during the tenure.

it specifies a court type and subject matter

P110Gazette native customary landNone found

“Gazette ALL native customary land with states.”

12. Social safety nets

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. Searches did not locate a source connecting a tenure gazettement with states to this commitment.

gazettement is a defined administrative act

P111Indigenous income and education placesNone found

“Provide more indigenous-community income and tertiary/vocational places.”

12. Social safety nets

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

it gives no named income programme or number of places

P112Funds for NGOs and civil societyNone found

“Provide funds for registered NGOs and civil-society movements.”

12. Social safety nets

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

no fund, amount or eligibility rules are identified

13. Islam, religious freedom and harmony / Agama Islam, kebebasan dan keharmonian agama

P113Islam under Maqasid SyariahNone found

“Uphold Islam and promote syiar and syariat according to Maqasid Syariah.”

13. Islam, religious freedom and harmony / Agama Islam, kebebasan dan keharmonian agama

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

it is a general religious-policy principle

P114Peaceful practice of other religionsNone found

“Ensure other religions may be practised peacefully.”

13. Islam, religious freedom and harmony

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

no legal or administrative action is specified

P115Non-Muslim matters ministerNone found

“Put non-Muslim matters under a Minister in the Prime Minister’s Department.”

13. Islam, religious freedom and harmony

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. The appointment of a Minister in the Prime Minister's Department does not, by itself, establish the promised non-Muslim-matters remit.

it specifies a ministerial responsibility

P116WasatiyyahNone found

“Promote moderation (wasatiyyah) in all undertakings.”

13. Islam, religious freedom and harmony

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

wasatiyyah is stated as a general guiding principle

P161Unity of the ummahNone found

“Increase initiatives to unite the ummah.”

13. Islam, religious freedom and harmony / Agama Islam, kebebasan dan keharmonian agama.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. The searches located statements and religious programmes but no retrieved dated initiative specifically presented as implementing this commitment.

P162Wakaf-land incomeNone found

“Unlock income from developing wakaf land in cooperation with State Religious Authorities.”

13. Islam, religious freedom and harmony / Agama Islam, kebebasan dan keharmonian agama.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. The searches located general wakaf-development material but no retrieved record sufficiently tying a dated federal action to this specific state-authority cooperation commitment.

P163Tax exemptions for places of worshipNone found

“Increase tax exemptions for contributions to the construction, expansion and upkeep of places of worship.”

13. Islam, religious freedom and harmony / Agama Islam, kebebasan dan keharmonian agama.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. No retrieved budget measure or tax instrument was located that increased the stated exemption.

P164Land for places of worshipNone found

“Continue allocating land for the building of places of worship.”

13. Islam, religious freedom and harmony / Agama Islam, kebebasan dan keharmonian agama.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. Land allocation is commonly a state matter; no retrieved federal action was located and state allocations are not treated as federal pledge delivery here.

P165Financial assistance to registered religious institutionsNone found

“Provide more financial assistance to registered religious institutions and places of worship.”

13. Islam, religious freedom and harmony / Agama Islam, kebebasan dan keharmonian agama.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. The searches found general budget and state-assistance material, but no retrieved record of a federal measure encompassing the full stated group.

P166Imams, mosque officials and KAFA teachersRecords found

“Promote the welfare of imams, mosque officials and Guru KAFA through service-based salaries and increments.”

13. Islam, religious freedom and harmony / Agama Islam, kebebasan dan keharmonian agama.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Budget 2017 raised the JAKIM imam allowance to RM850 for 15,000 imams, provided a one-off RM500 payment for 16,000 bilal and siak, and raised the Guru KAFA allowance to RM900 for 33,000 teachers. The measures are allowances; the retrieved source does not establish the pledge’s service-based salary structure.

Department of Information

Independent reporting

Malaysiakini reproduced the Budget 2017 speech containing the religious-affairs allocations.

Malaysiakini

P167Sekolah Agama Rakyat quality and accessRecords found

“Upgrade the quality of Sekolah Agama Rakyat and allow their students access to quality education and government education infrastructure.”

13. Islam, religious freedom and harmony / Agama Islam, kebebasan dan keharmonian agama.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

JAKIM said that RM80 million was allocated in 2017 to 819 registered Sekolah Pondok, Sekolah Menengah Agama Rakyat and tahfiz institutions. This is assistance to named religious-education institutions, not a record that all SAR students gained access to government infrastructure.

JAKIM

P168Financial assistance to SAR and pondok schoolsRecords found

“Provide financial assistance to Sekolah Agama Rakyat and Sekolah Pondok.”

13. Islam, religious freedom and harmony / Agama Islam, kebebasan dan keharmonian agama.

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Budget 2017 allocated RM50 million to registered Sekolah Pondok and RM50 million to government-aided religious schools under its school improvement and maintenance fund. JAKIM separately reported RM80 million for registered pondok, SMAR and tahfiz institutions in 2017; the sources use different institution categories and are recorded separately rather than reconciled.

Ministry of FinanceJAKIM

Independent reporting

Malaysiakini reproduced the Budget 2017 speech’s school allocations.

Malaysiakini

14. Corruption / Memerangi gejala rasuah

P117Procurement-contract disclosureRecords found

“Public disclosure of procurement contracts.”

14. Corruption / Memerangi gejala rasuah

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

By 6 March 2014, MyProcurement had published 8,886 open-tender contracts, according to an analysis of the public record. This documents disclosure of open-tender contracts, not necessarily every procurement contract.

Kuang Keng Kuek Ser

Independent reporting

Data journalist Kuang Keng Kuek Ser reported the published-contract dataset and its coverage through 6 March 2014.

the source supports a limited form of public procurement disclosure

P118MACC Service CommissionNone found

“Establish a MACC Service Commission for recruitment/service matters.”

14. Corruption

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. Searches did not identify a statute, gazette or administrative order establishing the proposed MACC Service Commission.

it names a proposed commission with defined personnel functions

P119MACC leadershipNone found

“Elevate MACC leadership.”

14. Corruption

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

"elevate" does not identify a change in office, law or power

P120Bribe givers and receiversNone found

“Give equal emphasis to givers and receivers of bribes.”

14. Corruption

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

it states an enforcement emphasis without an identified instrument

P121Auditor-General audit reportsRecords found

“Provide faster access to Auditor-General performance-audit reports.”

14. Corruption

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Version 2.0 of the Auditor-General's Online Dashboard was launched on 26 March 2015, providing an enhanced online channel for public access to the Auditor-General's Report in a timely manner.

PEMANDU

the action concerns online access to the named reports; the source does not isolate performance-audit reports

P122Additional corruption courtsNone found

“Establish additional special corruption Sessions and High Courts.”

14. Corruption

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. The retrieved record says 14 dedicated corruption courts were established in 2012, before this manifesto, and does not show additional courts during the tenure.

it seeks additional dedicated court types

P123Integrity pacts for legislatorsNone found

“Provide integrity pacts for MPs and state assembly members.”

14. Corruption

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. Procurement-bidder integrity declarations are not evidence of integrity pacts for MPs or state assembly members.

it specifies the intended officeholders

15. Public service and governance / Memperkukuhkan perkhidmatan awam dan tadbir urus

P124Transformative Salary SchemeNone found

“Introduce a Transformative Salary Scheme including allowance review and a 3% movement for staff at maximum salary where no review occurs.”

15. Public service and governance / Memperkukuhkan perkhidmatan awam dan tadbir urus

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. Material found on the Transformative Salary Scheme describes elements introduced before the May 2013 election, so it is not attributed here as a tenure action under this manifesto.

it is a named scheme with a specified 3% movement; pre-election measures were excluded

P125Civil-service promotion, talent and welfareNone found

“Improve promotion/talent/welfare.”

15. Public service and governance

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

promotion, talent and welfare are general objectives

P126Contract extension and permanent appointmentsNone found

“Extend contracts and permanently appoint competent officers.”

15. Public service and governance

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

it gives no eligible group, scale or appointment mechanism

P127Urban Transformation CentresRecords found

“Establish UTCs in major cities/towns.”

15. Public service and governance

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

MITI recorded 21 Urban Transformation Centres in operation by March 2018, providing government and private-sector services in major cities as one-stop centres.

Ministry of International Trade and Industry

Independent reporting

Free Malaysia Today reported in September 2017 that Najib said UTCs had been implemented in 20 locations.

FMT/Bernama

UTC is a named one-stop-centre programme; the first UTC predates this tenure, while the cited total is from the tenure's end

P128People-centred public serviceNone found

“Implement ‘Merakyatkan Perkhidmatan Awam’.”

15. Public service and governance

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. Searches did not locate a defined implementation of "Merakyatkan Perkhidmatan Awam" connected to this commitment.

it uses a named initiative, but no pledge-specific implementation record was located

P129Empower civil service, local government and district officesNone found

“Empower civil service/local government/district offices.”

15. Public service and governance

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

empowerment is not defined as a legal, fiscal or administrative action

P130Service counters and online servicesNone found

“Improve counters with multiracial frontliners and online services.”

15. Public service and governance

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

it gives no standard, system or rollout target

P131Fair racial mix in civil service and GLC recruitmentNone found

“Recruit for a fair racial mix in civil service/GLCs.”

15. Public service and governance

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

it has no stated composition target or recruitment mechanism

P132Develop officials of all races and gendersNone found

“Develop officials of all races/genders.”

15. Public service and governance

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

no development programme or target is named

P133Public-service attention to persons with disabilitiesNone found

“Give special attention to persons with disabilities.”

15. Public service and governance

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

"special attention" does not identify an intervention

16. Global Movement of Moderates / Gerakan Kesederhanaan Global

P134Palestinian stateNone found

“Support a Palestinian state.”

16. Global Movement of Moderates / Gerakan Kesederhanaan Global

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. Searches did not locate a discrete tenure action that can be connected specifically to this commitment, rather than Malaysia's general continuing foreign-policy position.

it identifies support for a Palestinian state as the specific foreign-policy subject

P135ASEAN Economic CommunityRecords found

“Support an ASEAN Economic Community by 2015.”

16. Global Movement of Moderates

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

ASEAN's Kuala Lumpur Declaration was adopted on 22 November 2015 by the heads of government of all ASEAN member states, including Malaysia; ASEAN formally established the ASEAN Community, including the ASEAN Economic Community, on 31 December 2015.

ASEANASEAN

Malaysia acted jointly as an ASEAN member; the evidence does not isolate a separate Malaysian implementing measure

P136UN Security Council seatRecords found

“Seek a UN Security Council non-permanent seat.”

16. Global Movement of Moderates

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

Malaysia was elected to a non-permanent UN Security Council seat on 16 October 2014 with 187 of 192 votes; its term ran from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2016.

United Nations

Independent reporting

Malaysiakini reported the election result, vote total and term dates.

Malaysiakini

it specifies a non-permanent UN Security Council seat

P137Bilateral and economic interestsNone found

“Enhance bilateral/economic interests.”

16. Global Movement of Moderates

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

it states general foreign-policy aims

P138Strategic foreign policyNone found

“Formulate foreign policy supporting strategic political/economic/security interests.”

16. Global Movement of Moderates

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

it does not name a policy, agreement or institution

P139Lead against traffickingNone found

“Lead against trafficking.”

16. Global Movement of Moderates

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

no treaty, law, agency or target is specified

P140Humanitarian outreachNone found

“Undertake humanitarian outreach in Gaza, the West Bank, southern Thailand, Mindanao and elsewhere.”

16. Global Movement of Moderates

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

the named places do not define a particular aid operation, commitment or scale

17. Environment / Alam sekitar

P141Renewable-energy investment incentivesRecords found

“Provide financial incentives for private/commercial renewable-energy investment.”

17. Environment / Alam sekitar

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

In 2016 Malaysia introduced the Large Scale Solar auction and Net Energy Metering schemes. The renewable-energy roadmap describes LSS as a reverse auction for private utility-scale solar projects and NEM as allowing renewable-energy owners to sell excess electricity to distribution licensees.

Sustainable Energy Development Authority Malaysia

these are investment mechanisms; the source retrospectively documents their 2016 introduction

P142Urban green lungsNone found

“Create more urban green lungs.”

17. Environment

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

it names no site, project or quantity of green space

P143River and stream revivalRecords found

“Revive rivers/streams with funding, laws/by-laws and UNDP/River of Life programmes.”

17. Environment

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

In a December 2015 Malaysiakini analysis, Ong Kian Ming reported that the River of Life project had an RM4.4 billion figure quoted by its Greater KL/Klang Valley director, including RM3.4 billion for river cleaning; he identified 34 RoL-related contracts, six with named successful tenderers worth about RM858 million. This records project expenditure and contracts, not the pledge's separate laws, by-laws or UNDP components.

Ong Kian Ming

Independent reporting

Malaysiakini published Ong Kian Ming's attributed analysis of the River of Life project's funding and contracts.

River of Life is a named programme; the source is an attributed analysis and should be read as such

P144Environmental educationNone found

“Provide environmental education.”

17. Environment

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

it identifies no curriculum, campaign or delivery mechanism

P145Forest preservation and reforestationNone found

“Provide forest preservation/reforestation.”

17. Environment

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

no forest, acreage, programme or legal instrument is identified

P146Illegal-deforestation lawNone found

“Tighten laws on illegal deforestation in strategic conservation areas.”

17. Environment

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. Searches did not locate a tenure legal amendment specifically tightening illegal-deforestation law in strategic conservation areas.

it calls for a legal change on a defined subject

P147Green advanced waste technologyNone found

“Provide green advanced waste technology.”

17. Environment

Manifesto reproduction

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

it does not identify a technology, facility, programme or target

Every promise, every election →
← GE12 (2008)GE14 (2018) →

Common questions

Who won GE13 in 2013?

BN retained the federal government, winning 133 of the 222 parliamentary seats, while Pakatan Rakyat won 89. Najib Razak was sworn in as Prime Minister for a second term on 6 May 2013, after BN retained its parliamentary majority.

ElectionData.MYAl Jazeera

Why did BN form the government despite getting fewer votes overall?

BN formed the government because it won more parliamentary constituencies: 133 seats to PR's 89, even though BN received 47.4% of votes and PR received 50.9%. Malaysian MPs are elected constituency by constituency, so the national popular-vote total does not itself allocate Dewan Rakyat seats.

ElectionData.MYAstro Awani

When was GE13 held and how long was the campaign?

Polling for GE13 was held on 5 May 2013. The Dewan Rakyat was dissolved on 3 April, nominations were on 20 April, and the period from nomination to polling was a formal 15-day campaign.

Parliament of Malaysia

What issues did the parties focus on in GE13?

Pre-election commentary expected BN to emphasise stability, continuity and economic growth, while PR would focus on corruption, the cost of living and minority rights. Later academic work also identified good governance, corruption and Bumiputera privileges among the campaign's central themes.

Joseph Chinyong LiowAndreas Ufen

Was GE13 mainly a Chinese vote shift or an urban one?

The record includes both explanations. Najib described the result as a “Chinese tsunami”, while analysts pointed to Malay middle-class support for PR in urban areas; later research found both ethnicity and urbanisation effects and said they could not be conclusively separated because urban constituencies and Chinese population shares were closely correlated.

MalaysiakiniBoo Su-LynNg et al.