CEphoto, Uwe Aranas · CC BY-SA 3.0

← every election

First hung parliament; resolved by the unity government under Anwar Ibrahim.

19 November 2022222 seats112 for a majority

No single bloc reached 112. The largest, “PR/PH”, held 82 of 222.

PR/PH82
PAS-led74
Alliance/BN30
GPS23
Other7
GRS6

every seat, 2022

P.001 Padang Besar, PerlisP.002 Kangar, PerlisP.003 Arau, PerlisP.004 Langkawi, KedahP.005 Jerlun, KedahP.006 Kubang Pasu, KedahP.007 Padang Terap, KedahP.008 Pokok Sena, KedahP.009 Alor Setar, KedahP.010 Kuala Kedah, KedahP.011 Pendang, KedahP.012 Jerai, KedahP.013 Sik, KedahP.014 Merbok, KedahP.015 Sungai Petani, KedahP.016 Baling, KedahP.017 Padang Serai, KedahP.018 Kulim-Bandar Baharu, KedahP.019 Tumpat, KelantanP.020 Pengkalan Chepa, KelantanP.021 Kota Bharu, KelantanP.022 Pasir Mas, KelantanP.023 Rantau Panjang, KelantanP.024 Kubang Kerian, KelantanP.025 Bachok, KelantanP.026 Ketereh, KelantanP.027 Tanah Merah, KelantanP.028 Pasir Puteh, KelantanP.029 Machang, KelantanP.030 Jeli, KelantanP.031 Kuala Krai, KelantanP.032 Gua Musang, KelantanP.033 Besut, TerengganuP.034 Setiu, TerengganuP.035 Kuala Nerus, TerengganuP.036 Kuala Terengganu, TerengganuP.037 Marang, TerengganuP.038 Hulu Terengganu, TerengganuP.039 Dungun, TerengganuP.040 Kemaman, TerengganuP.041 Kepala Batas, Pulau PinangP.042 Tasek Gelugor, Pulau PinangP.043 Bagan, Pulau PinangP.044 Permatang Pauh, Pulau PinangP.045 Bukit Mertajam, Pulau PinangP.046 Batu Kawan, Pulau PinangP.047 Nibong Tebal, Pulau PinangP.048 Bukit Bendera, Pulau PinangP.049 Tanjong, Pulau PinangP.050 Jelutong, Pulau PinangP.051 Bukit Gelugor, Pulau PinangP.052 Bayan Baru, Pulau PinangP.053 Balik Pulau, Pulau PinangP.054 Gerik, PerakP.055 Lenggong, PerakP.056 Larut, PerakP.057 Parit Buntar, PerakP.058 Bagan Serai, PerakP.059 Bukit Gantang, PerakP.060 Taiping, PerakP.061 Padang Rengas, PerakP.062 Sungai Siput, PerakP.063 Tambun, PerakP.064 Ipoh Timor, PerakP.065 Ipoh Barat, PerakP.066 Batu Gajah, PerakP.067 Kuala Kangsar, PerakP.068 Beruas, PerakP.069 Parit, PerakP.070 Kampar, PerakP.071 Gopeng, PerakP.072 Tapah, PerakP.073 Pasir Salak, PerakP.074 Lumut, PerakP.075 Bagan Datuk, PerakP.076 Teluk Intan, PerakP.077 Tanjong Malim, PerakP.078 Cameron Highlands, PahangP.079 Lipis, PahangP.080 Raub, PahangP.081 Jerantut, PahangP.082 Indera Mahkota, PahangP.083 Kuantan, PahangP.084 Paya Besar, PahangP.085 Pekan, PahangP.086 Maran, PahangP.087 Kuala Krau, PahangP.088 Temerloh, PahangP.089 Bentong, PahangP.090 Bera, PahangP.091 Rompin, PahangP.092 Sabak Bernam, SelangorP.093 Sungai Besar, SelangorP.094 Hulu Selangor, SelangorP.095 Tanjong Karang, SelangorP.096 Kuala Selangor, SelangorP.097 Selayang, SelangorP.098 Gombak, SelangorP.099 Ampang, SelangorP.100 Pandan, SelangorP.101 Hulu Langat, SelangorP.102 Bangi, SelangorP.103 Puchong, SelangorP.104 Subang, SelangorP.105 Petaling Jaya, SelangorP.106 Damansara, SelangorP.107 Sungai Buloh, SelangorP.108 Shah Alam, SelangorP.109 Kapar, SelangorP.110 Klang, SelangorP.111 Kota Raja, SelangorP.112 Kuala Langat, SelangorP.113 Sepang, SelangorP.114 Kepong, W.P. Kuala LumpurP.115 Batu, W.P. Kuala LumpurP.116 Wangsa Maju, W.P. Kuala LumpurP.117 Segambut, W.P. Kuala LumpurP.118 Setiawangsa, W.P. Kuala LumpurP.119 Titiwangsa, W.P. Kuala LumpurP.120 Bukit Bintang, W.P. Kuala LumpurP.121 Lembah Pantai, W.P. Kuala LumpurP.122 Seputeh, W.P. Kuala LumpurP.123 Cheras, W.P. Kuala LumpurP.124 Bandar Tun Razak, W.P. Kuala LumpurP.125 Putrajaya, W.P. PutrajayaP.126 Jelebu, Negeri SembilanP.127 Jempol, Negeri SembilanP.128 Seremban, Negeri SembilanP.129 Kuala Pilah, Negeri SembilanP.130 Rasah, Negeri SembilanP.131 Rembau, Negeri SembilanP.132 Port Dickson, Negeri SembilanP.133 Tampin, Negeri SembilanP.134 Masjid Tanah, MelakaP.135 Alor Gajah, MelakaP.136 Tangga Batu, MelakaP.137 Hang Tuah Jaya, MelakaP.138 Kota Melaka, MelakaP.139 Jasin, MelakaP.140 Segamat, JohorP.141 Sekijang, JohorP.142 Labis, JohorP.143 Pagoh, JohorP.144 Ledang, JohorP.145 Bakri, JohorP.146 Muar, JohorP.147 Parit Sulong, JohorP.148 Ayer Hitam, JohorP.149 Sri Gading, JohorP.150 Batu Pahat, JohorP.151 Simpang Renggam, JohorP.152 Kluang, JohorP.153 Sembrong, JohorP.154 Mersing, JohorP.155 Tenggara, JohorP.156 Kota Tinggi, JohorP.157 Pengerang, JohorP.158 Tebrau, JohorP.159 Pasir Gudang, JohorP.160 Johor Bahru, JohorP.161 Pulai, JohorP.162 Iskandar Puteri, JohorP.163 Kulai, JohorP.164 Pontian, JohorP.165 Tanjung Piai, JohorP.166 Labuan, W.P. LabuanP.167 Kudat, SabahP.168 Kota Marudu, SabahP.169 Kota Belud, SabahP.170 Tuaran, SabahP.171 Sepanggar, SabahP.172 Kota Kinabalu, SabahP.173 Putatan, SabahP.174 Penampang, SabahP.175 Papar, SabahP.176 Kimanis, SabahP.177 Beaufort, SabahP.178 Sipitang, SabahP.179 Ranau, SabahP.180 Keningau, SabahP.181 Tenom, SabahP.182 Pensiangan, SabahP.183 Beluran, SabahP.184 Libaran, SabahP.185 Batu Sapi, SabahP.186 Sandakan, SabahP.187 Kinabatangan, SabahP.188 Lahad Datu, SabahP.189 Semporna, SabahP.190 Tawau, SabahP.191 Kalabakan, SabahP.192 Mas Gading, SarawakP.193 Santubong, SarawakP.194 Petra Jaya, SarawakP.195 Bandar Kuching, SarawakP.196 Stampin, SarawakP.197 Kota Samarahan, SarawakP.198 Puncak Borneo, SarawakP.199 Serian, SarawakP.200 Batang Sadong, SarawakP.201 Batang Lupar, SarawakP.202 Sri Aman, SarawakP.203 Lubok Antu, SarawakP.204 Betong, SarawakP.205 Saratok, SarawakP.206 Tanjong Manis, SarawakP.207 Igan, SarawakP.208 Sarikei, SarawakP.209 Julau, SarawakP.210 Kanowit, SarawakP.211 Lanang, SarawakP.212 Sibu, SarawakP.213 Mukah, SarawakP.214 Selangau, SarawakP.215 Kapit, SarawakP.216 Hulu Rajang, SarawakP.217 Bintulu, SarawakP.218 Sibuti, SarawakP.219 Miri, SarawakP.220 Baram, SarawakP.221 Limbang, SarawakP.222 Lawas, Sarawak

The road here

GE15 followed several years of changing federal coalitions after the 2018 election. Parliament was dissolved on 10 October 2022, and the Election Commission set nomination day for 5 November and polling for 19 November, producing a short 14-day campaign..

The campaign took place amid reported concern about household costs, political instability, corruption and economic growth. A pre-election survey put inflation first among the concerns respondents named. The decision to hold the vote during the monsoon period also became part of the public debate because of flood risks..

The result did not give any one coalition 112 seats. The verified tally was PH lineage 82, PAS-led lineage 74, Alliance/BN lineage 30, GPS 23, GRS six and Other/Independent seven.

This differed from GE14 in particular because BN’s representation declined from 80 to 30 seats, while PN had become a principal competitor in the contest..

After negotiations between parties and the palace’s consultations, Anwar Ibrahim was appointed Prime Minister on 24 November. PH, BN and GPS formed the principal blocs of the new “unity government”; GRS joined the next day..

What the sources say

10 October 2022

The 14th Parliament was dissolved, beginning the process for GE15.

Bernama

5–18 November 2022

Candidate nominations were held on 5 November; the Election Commission set a 14-day campaign period ending at 11.59pm on 18 November, with early voting on 15 November and polling on 19 November.

Bernama

Before polling

A Merdeka Center survey conducted from 19 to 28 October found respondents’ most frequently cited concerns were inflation (31%), political instability (13%), corruption (12%), and economic growth (12%).

Merdeka Center

The campaign period

The timing of polling during the north-east monsoon was publicly criticised, including by opposition figures and members of the cabinet; meteorological warnings had raised concerns about flooding.

Channel NewsAsia

GE15’s final parliamentary tally

PH won 82 seats, PN 74, BN 30, GPS 23 and GRS six; Warisan won three, Independents two, and PBM and KDM one each. These figures total 222 seats.

Bernama

Compared with GE14

BN’s representation fell from 79 seats in GE14 (some accounts count 80) to 30 in GE15, while the election involved a three-way competition among PH, BN and PN in many seats rather than the earlier two-coalition pattern.

ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute

24 November 2022

The Yang di-Pertuan Agong appointed Anwar Ibrahim Malaysia’s tenth Prime Minister.

Parliament of Malaysia

Immediately after the appointment

Anwar said his government’s main participating coalitions were PH, BN and GPS; GRS joined the following day.

Malay MailBernama

Official coalition totals

SPR’s public services provide constituency-level results and result publications, but no official final coalition-grouped tally was located; coalition totals are therefore transparent aggregations using stated coalition definitions..

Election Commission Open Data PortalElectionData.MY

Why, and who says so

Explanations for a result are arguments, not facts.

Did GE15 show a nationwide, durable shift towards PN/PAS?

Kai Ostwald and Steven Oliver argued in retrospective academic analysis that change was limited mainly to two electoral arenas and was partly the product of coalition realignment rather than a broad change in voter preferences. Bridget Welsh, in a contemporaneous post-election analysis, argued that PN’s result reflected its appeal among Malay voters, including memories of Covid-19 assistance and its campaign positioning..

ISEAS–Yusof Ishak InstituteBridget Welsh

Why did BN win 30 seats?

UMNO president Ahmad Zahid Hamidi, speaking in January 2023, attributed the result to “internal sabotaging” that cost the coalition youth votes, to UMNO having “very little funding” during the campaign, and to what he described as last-minute inducements by opponents; he said the outcome was the whole party’s responsibility rather than his alone. University of Malaya analyst Awang Azman Awang Pawi attributed BN/UMNO’s result to internal party friction and public disputes. Welsh attributed part of BN/UMNO’s weaker performance to factionalism, corruption concerns and campaign choices...

Malay MailMalay MailBridget Welsh

Why did PN win 74 seats?

Muhyiddin Yassin, PN’s chairman, attributed the coalition’s standing to its support among Malay and Bumiputera voters, saying its opponents were “anxious to see PN get the support of at least 62 per cent of Malays and Bumiputera in GE15”. Welsh argued that Muhyiddin’s personal popularity among Malay voters, memories of Covid-19 assistance, and PN’s positioning on Malay representation contributed to its result. Ostwald and Oliver argued the outcome was partly explained by coalition realignment and by geographically concentrated changes, cautioning against treating it as a uniform national shift in preferences...

Malay MailBridget WelshISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute

Why did PH not win a majority on its own?

Welsh argued that PH’s reform message connected less strongly with some younger voters focused on economic conditions and political stability after the Covid-19 period. No comparable on-the-record self-assessment by PH’s own leadership explaining why it fell short of 112 seats was located; Anwar Ibrahim’s statements in the days after polling addressed forming a government rather than the causes of the result.

Bridget Welsh

advanced by Gayathry Venkiteswaran of the University of Nottingham Malaysia. She noted that commentators described GE15 as a “TikTok election” and that PN and PH invested heavily in short-form video, without establishing this as a sole cause of voting outcomes.

ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute

Still open

  • How much first-time voters changed the result. GE15 was the first general election held after the voting age was lowered to 18 and automatic registration began. No sufficiently neutral, directly sourced national estimate isolating the effect of first-time voters on the outcome has been located.
  • How much each factor mattered. No source has been located that separates the effects of inflation, political instability, campaign messaging, appeals framed around race or religion, candidate quality and social media on the result.

Promises

Manifesto ofPakatan Harapan — Kita Boleh! Tawaran HARAPAN PRU15, launched November 2022. Government: From 24 November 2022; this record runs to 30 August 2026.

GE15 produced no majority for any coalition. Pakatan Harapan supplied the Prime Minister, but the government formed is a unity government that also includes Barisan Nasional, GPS, GRS and others — so a pledge PH made alone was not necessarily adopted by the government that governs.

This government is still in office; the record below is a snapshot, not a closed account.

  • Likely met — the record shows the promised action itself, dated within the tenure
  • Records found — related records exist; accounts may differ or fall short of the pledge
  • None found — no record located

P91 · Memperkasa sistem demokrasi dan kuasa rakyat / Democracy and people power; pp. 43–44.

Provide equal constituency-development funds to every MP through Parliament, not the PMO.

None found. FMT reported in February 2025 that government MPs received stated allocations in 2023–24, while IDEAS called for equal funds to be institutionalised; neither establishes equal funding for every MP through Parliament.

[Free Malaysia Today, 13 February 2025, "Govt MPs received up to RM2.2mil in allocations since 2023, says minister", https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2025/02/13/govt-mps-received-up-to-rm2-2mil-in-allocations-since-2023-says-minister)

P95 · Kebebasan media dan hak bersuara / Media freedom and speech; pp. 45–46.

Establish a media council made up of media figures to protect media freedom and welfare.

The Malaysian Media Council Act 2025 came into force on 14 June 2025. FMT reported that the council would be an independent self-regulatory body and named media-industry representatives on its founding board; it also attributed to Bangi MP Syahredzan Johan the view that its establishment fulfilled the PH GE15 manifesto promise.

Free Malaysia TodayMalaysiakini/Bernama

FMT reported the commencement, self-regulatory character and founding board; its statement about fulfilment is attributed to Syahredzan Johan.

Menangani isu kos sara hidup / Cost of living

P1Hapuskan Kartel (manifesto P1.1)None found

“Hapuskan Kartel” — “menghapuskan kartel dalam sektor bahan makanan dan keperluan asas”; abolish cartels in food and essential goods.

Menangani isu kos sara hidup / Cost of living; pp. 7–8.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

general aspiration to eliminate cartels in food and essential goods

P2Bekalan Cukup (manifesto P1.2)None found

“Bekalan Cukup” — establish supplier cooperation so food supplies are always sufficient.

Menangani isu kos sara hidup / Cost of living; pp. 7–8.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

general aspiration about sufficient supplies

P3Insentif Tingkat Pengeluaran (manifesto P1.3)None found

“Insentif Tingkat Pengeluaran” — give sufficient incentives to raise production of food and essentials.

Menangani isu kos sara hidup / Cost of living; pp. 7–8.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

unspecified incentives and production outcome

P4Continue phased PLUS toll reductions, with the end goal of abolishin (manifesto P1.4)None found

Continue phased PLUS toll reductions, with the end goal of abolishing tolls and returning PLUS to public ownership.

Menangani isu kos sara hidup / Cost of living; pp. 7–8.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. The reporting located concerned PLUS's tolling technology and toll-hike deferrals, not a phased PLUS toll reduction, abolition, or return to public ownership.

Independent reporting

reported that the minister described deferring toll hikes as more practical than abolishing tolls.

Free Malaysia Today

PLUS is a named concessionaire; no source found tying an action to the pledged outcome

Jaminan keselamatan makanan / Food security

P5Reformasi Tanah Pertanian (manifesto P2.1)None found

“Reformasi Tanah Pertanian” — use the National Land Council with state governments to ease farmers’ and livestock breeders’ applications or leases for agricultural land.

Jaminan keselamatan makanan / Food security; pp. 9–12.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Results included discussion of FELDA/state land coordination, not a National Land Council reform easing farmers' land access.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P6Pertanian Moden Dan Pintar (manifesto P2.2)None found

“Pertanian Moden Dan Pintar” — expand technology through grants or soft loans, strengthen agri-food R&D and commercialise its results.

Jaminan keselamatan makanan / Food security; pp. 9–12.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

generic technology, finance and R&D expansion

P7Malaysia Sebagai Negara Eksport Pertanian (manifesto P2.3)None found

“Malaysia Sebagai Negara Eksport Pertanian” — identify exportable agricultural products and expand global markets for Malaysian produce.

Jaminan keselamatan makanan / Food security; pp. 9–12.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

export aspiration without a named instrument or target

P8Menarik Pelaburan dan Agropreneur Muda (manifesto P2.4)None found

“Menarik Pelaburan dan Agropreneur Muda” — facilitate agricultural tax relief and strengthen Agropreneur Muda and industry–youth matching.

Jaminan keselamatan makanan / Food security; pp. 9–12.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

general investment and youth-entrepreneurship aspiration

P9Expand the social-safety net for farmers, fishers and livestock bree (manifesto P2.5)None found

Expand the social-safety net for farmers, fishers and livestock breeders progressively within five years.

Jaminan keselamatan makanan / Food security; pp. 9–12.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

unspecified safety-net expansion

P10Shift input subsidies to output subsidies progressively and raise th (manifesto P2.6)None found

Shift input subsidies to output subsidies progressively and raise the paddy-price subsidy (SSHP) from RM360 to RM500 a tonne.

Jaminan keselamatan makanan / Food security; pp. 9–12.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found continuing input and paddy-production subsidies, not the specified progressive switch to output subsidies.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P11Introduce a subsidy card or e-wallet allowing farmers to choose agri (manifesto P2.7)None found

Introduce a subsidy card or e-wallet allowing farmers to choose agricultural inputs.

Jaminan keselamatan makanan / Food security; pp. 9–12.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Results included BUDI Agri-Komoditi cash assistance and private digital-farmer projects, not a government input-choice card or e-wallet.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

Membasmi kemiskinan / Eradicating poverty

P12Add funds to Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia and Yayasan Usaha Maju for micr (manifesto P3.1)Records found

Add funds to Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia and Yayasan Usaha Maju for micro-credit entrepreneurship.

Membasmi kemiskinan / Eradicating poverty; pp. 13–16.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

Budget 2024 included RM100 million for Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM) to eradicate poverty. The retrieved reporting does not establish a corresponding addition to Yayasan Usaha Maju.

Free Malaysia Today

Independent reporting

FMT's budget report lists the RM100 million AIM allocation.

named microcredit bodies. This is a unity-government budget action and covers AIM only

P13Continue Bantuan Sara Hidup (BSH) and provide free breakfast to ever (manifesto P3.2)None found

Continue Bantuan Sara Hidup (BSH) and provide free breakfast to every school pupil.

Membasmi kemiskinan / Eradicating poverty; pp. 13–16.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. The searches located targeted Rancangan Makanan Tambahan and school aid, not a free breakfast for every pupil; BSH was not continued under that name.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P14Give each poor family a monthly payment by number of children under (manifesto P3.3)None found

Give each poor family a monthly payment by number of children under six to prevent stunting.

Membasmi kemiskinan / Eradicating poverty; pp. 13–16.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches located JKM's means-tested Bantuan Kanak-kanak, including a current per-child rate, but did not establish the promised universal monthly birth-to-six benefit as a new tenure action.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P15Work with every MP to identify communities missed by federal anti-po (manifesto P3.4)None found

Work with every MP to identify communities missed by federal anti-poverty programmes such as MySalam and Kasih Suri.

Membasmi kemiskinan / Eradicating poverty; pp. 13–16.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

consultation and identification objective without a specified mechanism or output

P16Create adequate affordable, rental, low- and medium-cost housing and (manifesto P3.5)None found

Create adequate affordable, rental, low- and medium-cost housing and transit housing where needed.

Membasmi kemiskinan / Eradicating poverty; pp. 13–16.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

general adequacy of housing supply

P17Create more health clinics and preventive, door-to-door screening in (manifesto P3.6)None found

Create more health clinics and preventive, door-to-door screening in high-poverty dense areas.

Membasmi kemiskinan / Eradicating poverty; pp. 13–16.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

no named clinics, programme or numeric target

P18Create safe spaces with NGOs and community kitchens for urban-poor c (manifesto P3.7)None found

Create safe spaces with NGOs and community kitchens for urban-poor children and families.

Membasmi kemiskinan / Eradicating poverty; pp. 13–16.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

generic facilities and partnerships rather than a named scheme

P19Fund neighbourhood/community policing in low-cost housing areas (manifesto P3.8)None found

Fund neighbourhood/community policing in low-cost housing areas.

Membasmi kemiskinan / Eradicating poverty; pp. 13–16.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Results concerned ordinary PPR development and policing initiatives but did not identify dedicated funding for neighbourhood/community policing in low-cost housing.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

Menjamin kebajikan pekerja / Worker welfare

P20Implement a structured minimum-wage policy plan (manifesto P4.1)Records found

Implement a structured minimum-wage policy plan.

Menjamin kebajikan pekerja / Worker welfare; pp. 17–18.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

The Minimum Wages Order 2024 set RM1,700 as the minimum monthly wage from 1 February 2025, with a later date for employers with fewer than five workers. This is a dated minimum-wage measure; the report does not establish the full manifesto policy design.

Malaysiakini/Bernama

Independent reporting

Malaysiakini reported the Order's amount, coverage and commencement dates.

minimum wage is a specific statutory policy subject; a unity-government action is recorded without attributing the full PH plan to it

P21Remove workplace discrimination by race, religion, gender, physical/ (manifesto P4.2)None found

Remove workplace discrimination by race, religion, gender, physical/mental ability and gender pay gap.

Menjamin kebajikan pekerja / Worker welfare; pp. 17–18.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

general nondiscrimination outcome without a named legal measure

P22Establish gig-worker social security: a regulator, contract agreemen (manifesto P4.3)Records found

Establish gig-worker social security: a regulator, contract agreement and free life insurance with RM10,000 death benefit for six million workers.

Menjamin kebajikan pekerja / Worker welfare; pp. 17–18.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

The Dewan Rakyat passed the Gig Workers Bill 2025 on 28 August 2025. Malaysiakini reported that it created a social-protection framework for more than 1.2 million gig workers; later reporting said the Act was gazetted on 31 December 2025 and was to be brought into force after implementation mechanisms were finalised. The retrieved sources do not establish the pledge's RM10,000 life-insurance design.

Malaysiakini/BernamaMalaysiakini/Bernama

Independent reporting

Malaysiakini reported the passage and subsequent gazettement/implementation plan.

the law's social protection, consultative council and tribunal directly concern the named subject, but do not evidence every promised component

P23Extend special job-loss allowance to contract workers while they act (manifesto P4.4)None found

Extend special job-loss allowance to contract workers while they actively seek work.

Menjamin kebajikan pekerja / Worker welfare; pp. 17–18.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. SIP materials treat expiry of a service contract as a category of job loss, but the searches did not locate a new extension of the special allowance to contract workers.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P24Automatically register EPF accounts regardless of age, strengthen i- (manifesto P4.5)None found

Automatically register EPF accounts regardless of age, strengthen i-Saraan (including a first voluntary-contribution incentive), and allow third-party contributions.

Menjamin kebajikan pekerja / Worker welfare; pp. 17–18.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Results were for voluntary i-Saraan/i-Simpan arrangements, not automatic EPF registration regardless of age or the specified first voluntary-contribution support.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

Kediaman HARAPAN untuk rakyat / Housing

P25Supply sufficient affordable, rental, low- and medium-cost homes; ex (manifesto P5.1)None found

Supply sufficient affordable, rental, low- and medium-cost homes; expand rent-to-own and strategic transit housing.

Kediaman HARAPAN untuk rakyat / Housing; pp. 19–20.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

general housing-supply and expansion aspiration

P26Reintroduce a RM3bn JaminPinjam fund to guarantee first-home afforda (manifesto P5.2)Records found

Reintroduce a RM3bn JaminPinjam fund to guarantee first-home affordable-housing finance.

Kediaman HARAPAN untuk rakyat / Housing; pp. 19–20.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

The Finance Ministry reported that on 27 July 2023 the government announced financing guarantees of up to 120% for first homes priced at up to RM300,000. This is related housing-finance action; the report does not identify it as a RM3bn JaminPinjam fund.

Bernama/MoF

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P27Create a route for PPR tenants to own their homes (manifesto P5.3)Records found

Create a route for PPR tenants to own their homes.

Kediaman HARAPAN untuk rakyat / Housing; pp. 19–20.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

In June 2023, Putrajaya announced Penang PPR units would be available for purchase or through a 20-year rent-to-own option. This is a route to ownership for that project, not evidence of a national tenant-ownership route.

Free Malaysia Today/Predeep Nambiar

Independent reporting

FMT reported the purchase and rent-to-own options for the Penang project.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P28Expand the housing tribunal to include tenants’ interests (manifesto P5.4)None found

Expand the housing tribunal to include tenants’ interests.

Kediaman HARAPAN untuk rakyat / Housing; pp. 19–20.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. FMT reported calls for a Residential Tenancy Act and rental tribunal, but this was advocacy and not an expansion of the existing housing tribunal.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P29Take over low-cost-apartment maintenance (manifesto P5.5)Records found

Take over low-cost-apartment maintenance.

Kediaman HARAPAN untuk rakyat / Housing; pp. 19–20.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

In March 2023 the housing minister said RM50m was allocated to replace old and damaged PPR lifts. This addresses a maintenance problem but is not evidence that the government took over low-cost-apartment maintenance.

Free Malaysia Today/Bernama

Independent reporting

FMT reported the minister's account of the PPR lift allocation.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P30Extend 100% stamp-duty exemption for first homes under RM500,000 to (manifesto P5.6)Records found

Extend 100% stamp-duty exemption for first homes under RM500,000 to subsale units.

Kediaman HARAPAN untuk rakyat / Housing; pp. 19–20.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

On 9 June 2023, MoF said the 100% first-home stamp-duty exemption for purchases not above RM500,000 continued under the i-MILIKI/HOPE initiative through 31 December 2023. The report does not specify the promised extension to subsale units.

Malay Mail

Independent reporting

Malay Mail reported the continuation and its stated dates.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

Memperkasa peluang ekonomi belia / Youth economic opportunities

P31Introduce B40 scholarships to reduce dependence on PTPTN (manifesto P6.1)Records found

Introduce B40 scholarships to reduce dependence on PTPTN.

Memperkasa peluang ekonomi belia / Youth economic opportunities; pp. 21–22.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

The ministry said that Program SULUNG began in 2022, before this government took office, and that in 2023 it was expanded to waive tuition fees for 10,000 first entrants from B40 families at public universities. It is related assistance reducing the need for education borrowing, although it was described as a fee waiver rather than the named scholarship.

Ministry of Higher Education

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P32Introduce Pioneer Scholarships and upskilling for youth entering car (manifesto P6.2)None found

Introduce Pioneer Scholarships and upskilling for youth entering care, modern agriculture and green sectors.

Memperkasa peluang ekonomi belia / Youth economic opportunities; pp. 21–22.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found general TVET foundation support, but no Pioneer Scholarship or sector-specific programme covering care, modern agriculture and green work together.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P33Create a career-development system for manual and gig workers, with (manifesto P6.3)None found

Create a career-development system for manual and gig workers, with incentives for platforms that develop workers’ skills and careers.

Memperkasa peluang ekonomi belia / Youth economic opportunities; pp. 21–22.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

generic career-development and incentive aspiration

P34Provide dedicated funds, training and facilitation for youth entrepr (manifesto P6.4)None found

Provide dedicated funds, training and facilitation for youth entrepreneurship.

Memperkasa peluang ekonomi belia / Youth economic opportunities; pp. 21–22.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

unspecified funds, training and facilitation

Belia harapan negara / Youth development

P35Upgrade Kad Siswa into a youth card for ages 13–25 with promotions (manifesto P7.1)None found

Upgrade Kad Siswa into a youth card for ages 13–25 with promotions and selected-business discounts.

Belia harapan negara / Youth development; pp. 23–24.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches returned other youth discounts and e-wallet programmes, not an upgraded Kad Siswa for the stated age group.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P36Kembara Siswa (manifesto P7.2)Records found

“Kembara Siswa”: RM199 fixed-price Sabah/Sarawak–Peninsular flights, two tickets a year per student.

Belia harapan negara / Youth development; pp. 23–24.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

In December 2023, AirAsia said it would continue the Ministry of Transport's FLYsiswa e-voucher programme in 2024 on 45 routes between Peninsular and East Malaysia. This is related student air-fare assistance, not the promised RM199 fare and two tickets per year.

AirAsia Newsroom

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P37Provide youth transit, affordable, rental, low- and medium-cost hous (manifesto P7.3)None found

Provide youth transit, affordable, rental, low- and medium-cost housing where needed.

Belia harapan negara / Youth development; pp. 23–24.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

general youth housing supply aspiration

P38Expand sports/recreation facilities and public spaces for young peop (manifesto P7.4)None found

Expand sports/recreation facilities and public spaces for young people.

Belia harapan negara / Youth development; pp. 23–24.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

generic facilities and public-space expansion

P39Guarantee freedom for youth activism and encourage youth-led social, (manifesto P7.5)None found

Guarantee freedom for youth activism and encourage youth-led social, welfare and public-intellectual organisations.

Belia harapan negara / Youth development; pp. 23–24.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

general freedom and encouragement aspiration

P40Open a RM500 HRD Corp Skills Training Account for youth workers aged (manifesto P7.6)None found

Open a RM500 HRD Corp Skills Training Account for youth workers aged 18–30, usable for lifelong training.

Belia harapan negara / Youth development; pp. 23–24.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Results covered employer levy-funded courses and wider training funds, not an individual RM500 account for workers aged 18–30.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

Menaik taraf TVET / Upgrading TVET

P41Implement “Zero Reject Policy” — no discrimination/no rejectio (manifesto P8.1)Records found

Implement “Zero Reject Policy” — no discrimination/no rejection in TVET admission.

Menaik taraf TVET / Upgrading TVET; pp. 25–26.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

The government's TVET portal reported that on 20 May 2024 it launched UP_TVET and said the system should ensure no applicant was left without a place; the deputy prime minister said Malaysian citizens could be accepted even without SPM certificates. This is directly related to no-rejection TVET admission.

TVET Madani

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P42Establish an independent central coordinating body with trade and pr (manifesto P8.2)None found

Establish an independent central coordinating body with trade and practitioner associations to manage TVET and align accreditation.

Menaik taraf TVET / Upgrading TVET; pp. 25–26.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. The National TVET Council and Government-Industry TVET Coordination Body appeared in results, but neither search established the promised new independent central body with the specified association role.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P43Work with industry on “Place to Train”, and build TVET centres w (manifesto P8.3)Records found

Work with industry on “Place to Train”, and build TVET centres where an industry partner is unavailable.

Menaik taraf TVET / Upgrading TVET; pp. 25–26.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

MIDA reproduced a Bernama report that on 21 February 2023 the government had signed 10 agreements with GLCs and private companies to improve the TVET ecosystem. This is industry collaboration, but the report does not identify the manifesto's “Place to Train” scheme or TVET centres where no partner is available.

MIDA/Bernama

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P44Use “OpenCreds” so TVET learners and practitioners can reach deg (manifesto P8.4)None found

Use “OpenCreds” so TVET learners and practitioners can reach degree-equivalent accreditation.

Menaik taraf TVET / Upgrading TVET; pp. 25–26.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found existing qualification and recognition pathways, not an OpenCreds programme leading TVET learners or practitioners to degree-equivalent accreditation.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P45Facilitate school-to-work transition programmes (manifesto P8.5)None found

Facilitate school-to-work transition programmes.

Menaik taraf TVET / Upgrading TVET; pp. 25–26.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

unspecified transition programmes

Ekonomi manusiawi / Humane economy and care

P46Create the SiagaJaga National Care Economy and Ageing Community Prep (manifesto P9.1)Records found

Create the SiagaJaga National Care Economy and Ageing Community Preparedness Plan.

Ekonomi manusiawi / Humane economy and care; pp. 27–28.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

In 2026, KPWKM said it had published the Malaysia Care Strategic Framework and Action Plan 2026–2030, developed after a 2023 care-crisis analysis and 2024 strategic labs. It is a national care-economy action, but not named SiagaJaga.

KPWKM

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P47Professionalise care work and train capacity to meet a caregiver-sup (manifesto P9.2)None found

Professionalise care work and train capacity to meet a caregiver-support ratio for an ageing country by 2035.

Ekonomi manusiawi / Humane economy and care; pp. 27–28.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

workforce-development objective without an identified programme or target in the pledge label

P48Institutionalise caregiver assistance/allowance for people who leave (manifesto P9.3)None found

Institutionalise caregiver assistance/allowance for people who leave work to care for a family member.

Ekonomi manusiawi / Humane economy and care; pp. 27–28.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches located the existing means-tested BPT payment for carers of bedridden persons, not an allowance institutionalised for people who leave employment to provide family care.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P49Provide mobile/in-home care for people who lose capacity (manifesto P9.4)Records found

Provide mobile/in-home care for people who lose capacity.

Ekonomi manusiawi / Humane economy and care; pp. 27–28.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

A government information page updated on 3 August 2026 describes Home Help Services, delivered by volunteers to older persons and persons with disabilities at home. The government page presents this as related in-home support; it does not establish a new universal mobile-care entitlement.

Ihsan MADANI

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P50Require one-stop care facilities in development planning (manifesto P9.5)None found

Require one-stop care facilities in development planning.

Ekonomi manusiawi / Humane economy and care; pp. 27–28.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Results concerned health or planning one-stop centres generally, not a requirement for care facilities in development plans.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P51Incentivise co-residence with older family members and coordinate ca (manifesto P9.6)None found

Incentivise co-residence with older family members and coordinate care interventions for urban poor and remote communities.

Ekonomi manusiawi / Humane economy and care; pp. 27–28.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

unspecified incentives and coordination

Menjamin kesejahteraan kanak-kanak / Children’s wellbeing

P52Pay a monthly universal child benefit into parents’ accounts from (manifesto P10.1)None found

Pay a monthly universal child benefit into parents’ accounts from birth to age six.

Menjamin kesejahteraan kanak-kanak / Children’s wellbeing; pp. 29–32.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. The Economic Outlook coverage matrix still described child support as targeted to the hardcore poor, not universal.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P53Amend Constitution arts. 15(2) and 14(1)(b) for specified citizenshi (manifesto P10.2)Records found

Amend Constitution arts. 15(2) and 14(1)(b) for specified citizenship rights and amend law for automatic citizenship for adopted children.

Menjamin kesejahteraan kanak-kanak / Children’s wellbeing; pp. 29–32.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

The Dewan Rakyat passed the Constitution (Amendment) Bill 2024 on 17 October 2024. FMT reported that the Bill provided for overseas-born children of Malaysian mothers to obtain citizenship by operation of law. This records the mothers' citizenship element, not the pledge's adopted-child provision or every stated constitutional change.

Free Malaysia Today

Independent reporting

reported both support for the overseas-born-mothers provision and criticism of other provisions.

Free Malaysia Today

specified constitutional articles and adopted-child rule. The unity-government amendment partly overlaps the pledge only

P54Establish a children’s department/agency (manifesto P10.3)Records found

Establish a children’s department/agency.

Menjamin kesejahteraan kanak-kanak / Children’s wellbeing; pp. 29–32.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

The Child Development Department was established effective 1 September 2023, replacing JKM's Children’s Division.

RTM

Independent reporting

Borneo Post reported that the department remained under JKM administration in Sarawak pending state-level formal establishment.

Borneo Post

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P55Add 1,500 child protectors under JKM (manifesto P10.4)None found

Add 1,500 child protectors under JKM.

Menjamin kesejahteraan kanak-kanak / Children’s wellbeing; pp. 29–32.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Results covered child-protection programmes and existing protector staffing, not the stated addition of 1,500 child protectors.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P56Restructure early-childhood education, including support for familie (manifesto P10.5)None found

Restructure early-childhood education, including support for families unable to pay fees.

Menjamin kesejahteraan kanak-kanak / Children’s wellbeing; pp. 29–32.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

generic restructuring and family support

P57Establish child-rights committees in civil and Syariah courts (manifesto P10.6)None found

Establish child-rights committees in civil and Syariah courts.

Menjamin kesejahteraan kanak-kanak / Children’s wellbeing; pp. 29–32.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Results concerned child-rights bodies and court practice, not committees established in both civil and Syariah courts.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P58Continue the National Strategic Plan to Address the Causes of Child (manifesto P10.7)Records found

Continue the National Strategic Plan to Address the Causes of Child Marriage 2025.

Menjamin kesejahteraan kanak-kanak / Children’s wellbeing; pp. 29–32.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

The government said in its introductory statement to the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child's 100th session (Geneva, 22 January 2026) that the National Strategy Plan in Handling the Causes of Child Marriage concluded in 2025 and that it was reviewing implementation for a next phase. This records continuation through the plan's end, not a published successor plan.

KPWKM

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

Pembangunan wanita dan institusi keluarga / Women and family institutions

P59Gender-proof every bill tabled in Parliament (manifesto P11.1)None found

Gender-proof every bill tabled in Parliament.

Pembangunan wanita dan institusi keluarga / Women and family institutions; pp. 33–34.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Results referred to gender-responsive budgeting and advocacy, not gender-proofing every bill tabled in Parliament.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P60Create integrated cross-ministry/agency data on women and children (manifesto P11.2)None found

Create integrated cross-ministry/agency data on women and children.

Pembangunan wanita dan institusi keluarga / Women and family institutions; pp. 33–34.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches located sex-disaggregated data initiatives and child-policy coordination, not an integrated cross-ministry women-and-children data system.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P61Give childcare subsidies to working B40 and M40 women (manifesto P11.3)Records found

Give childcare subsidies to working B40 and M40 women.

Pembangunan wanita dan institusi keluarga / Women and family institutions; pp. 33–34.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

In October 2023, the Selangor government launched a RM1,000 childcare incentive for working mothers; Bernama reported existing Selangor childcare support for B40 families. This is a state action and does not establish a federal B40-and-M40 subsidy.

Bernama

Independent reporting

Bernama reported the state initiative and its stated rationale.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P62Amend art. 14(1)(b) so Malaysian mothers abroad can pass citizenship (manifesto P11.4)Records found

Amend art. 14(1)(b) so Malaysian mothers abroad can pass citizenship like fathers.

Pembangunan wanita dan institusi keluarga / Women and family institutions; pp. 33–34.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

The Dewan Rakyat passed the Constitution (Amendment) Bill 2024 on 17 October 2024, providing for overseas-born children of Malaysian mothers to obtain citizenship by operation of law.

Free Malaysia Today

Independent reporting

recorded praise for this provision and criticism of other provisions in the package.

Free Malaysia Today

constitutional article and citizenship route are specified. This records the passage of the related unity-government amendment

P63Give free sanitary pads/tampons in all primary and secondary schools (manifesto P11.5)Records found

Give free sanitary pads/tampons in all primary and secondary schools and to B40 women at strategic locations.

Pembangunan wanita dan institusi keluarga / Women and family institutions; pp. 33–34.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

Selangor's state government ran Projek Mekar as a six-month pilot for about 1,000 students in five schools, with Kotex providing free menstrual-hygiene products. It is a state pilot, not provision in all primary and secondary schools.

Marketing-Interactive/Reema Dudekula

Independent reporting

Marketing-Interactive, citing Bernama, reported the six-month five-school pilot and its stated target group.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P64Strengthen the Syariah judiciary’s scholarship and administration (manifesto P11.6)None found

Strengthen the Syariah judiciary’s scholarship and administration.

Pembangunan wanita dan institusi keluarga / Women and family institutions; pp. 33–34.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

general strengthening objective

P65Continue the child-marriage-cause strategy (manifesto P11.7)Records found

Continue the child-marriage-cause strategy.

Pembangunan wanita dan institusi keluarga / Women and family institutions; pp. 33–34.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

The government said in its introductory statement to the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child's 100th session (Geneva, 22 January 2026) that the 2020–2025 National Strategy Plan concluded in 2025 and was under implementation review for the next phase.

KPWKM

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

Hidup selesa di usia emas / Older persons

P66Create age-friendly schemes: RM100 Jom Shopping vouchers, RM1,000 de (manifesto P12.1)Records found

Create age-friendly schemes: RM100 Jom Shopping vouchers, RM1,000 death benefit and free Jom Travel buses.

Hidup selesa di usia emas / Older persons; pp. 35–36.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

The Finance Ministry said SARA 2024 began in January 2024 with monthly assistance for eligible households and older persons without spouses. It is related income support, but not the named RM100 Jom Shopping voucher or Jom Travel bus scheme.

Ministry of Finance

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P67Make public transport free for older persons rather than 50% discoun (manifesto P12.2)Records found

Make public transport free for older persons rather than 50% discounted.

Hidup selesa di usia emas / Older persons; pp. 35–36.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

In August 2023, the Transport Ministry introduced myBAS Konsesi, providing free stage-bus rides for senior citizens in Seremban, Ipoh and Johor Bahru. This is geographically limited, not free public transport generally.

paultan.org/Gerard Lye

Independent reporting

paultan.org reported the ministry's announcement and the three launch areas.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P68Enact an Older Persons Act and prioritise an Active Ageing Policy (manifesto P12.3)Records found

Enact an Older Persons Act and prioritise an Active Ageing Policy.

Hidup selesa di usia emas / Older persons; pp. 35–36.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

The Economy Ministry said the government was preparing the National Ageing Blueprint/agenda in 2024. This is age-policy development; searches did not locate an Older Persons Act.

Ministry of Economy

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P69Pay a caregiver allowance and M40/B40 family-care incentives (manifesto P12.4)None found

Pay a caregiver allowance and M40/B40 family-care incentives.

Hidup selesa di usia emas / Older persons; pp. 35–36.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches located BPT for carers of bedridden people and general welfare allocations, not the promised M40/B40 family-care incentives.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P70Require older-person activity/day centres in local plans (manifesto P12.5)Records found

Require older-person activity/day centres in local plans.

Hidup selesa di usia emas / Older persons; pp. 35–36.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

In February 2026, JKM said it planned up to 20 new PAWE senior-citizen activity centres. This is centre expansion, not a requirement in local plans.

Bernama

Independent reporting

Bernama reported the announced expansion plan.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P71Give employers tax and financial incentives to train and hire older (manifesto P12.6)None found

Give employers tax and financial incentives to train and hire older people.

Hidup selesa di usia emas / Older persons; pp. 35–36.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches located generic hiring incentives and a pre-existing nursing-home tax allowance, not incentives for employers to train and hire older people.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P72Automatic citizenship for a 60+ person with at least one Malaysian-c (manifesto P12.7)None found

Automatic citizenship for a 60+ person with at least one Malaysian-citizen child.

Hidup selesa di usia emas / Older persons; pp. 35–36.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Current naturalisation information retains the general application requirements; searches did not locate automatic citizenship for the stated 60+ parent group.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P73Establish an older-person agency/department and restructure SOCSO to (manifesto P12.8)None found

Establish an older-person agency/department and restructure SOCSO to include an older-person protection scheme.

Hidup selesa di usia emas / Older persons; pp. 35–36.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found the existing National Policy for Older Persons and social-protection studies, not a new agency/department or a SOCSO older-person protection scheme.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

Membela nasib OKU / Persons with disabilities

P74Establish a disability agency/department to coordinate assistance an (manifesto P13.1)None found

Establish a disability agency/department to coordinate assistance and allocations.

Membela nasib OKU / Persons with disabilities; pp. 37–38.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Budget 2024 continued assistance allocations for persons with disabilities, but searches did not identify a new coordinating disability agency or department.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P75Appoint a disability commissioner in SUHAKAM (manifesto P13.2)Records found

Appoint a disability commissioner in SUHAKAM.

Membela nasib OKU / Persons with disabilities; pp. 37–38.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

The SUHAKAM Act was amended in 2024 to provide for a disability commissioner, but FMT reported in December 2024 that SUHAKAM was urging the government to speed the appointment. No appointment was located.

Free Malaysia Today

Independent reporting

FMT attributed the request to SUHAKAM.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P76Improve disability-accessible facilities and public transport and re (manifesto P13.3)None found

Improve disability-accessible facilities and public transport and require universal design in development.

Membela nasib OKU / Persons with disabilities; pp. 37–38.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

generic accessibility improvement and universal-design objective

P77Create a dedicated special-education allocation for teachers, equipm (manifesto P13.4)Records found

Create a dedicated special-education allocation for teachers, equipment and classes.

Membela nasib OKU / Persons with disabilities; pp. 37–38.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

Budget 2024 allocated RM180 million to construct 18 special-education blocks and RM30 million for disabled students' devices and facilities. These are specific special-education allocations, though the source does not establish the pledge's full teacher/equipment/class allocation design.

Free Malaysia Today

Independent reporting

FMT's budget report identified the special-education blocks and disability-device/facility allocations.

defined special-education allocation. The recorded unity-government budget items partially overlap the pledge

Memerangi rasuah / Fighting corruption

P78Have a bipartisan parliamentary select committee vet the MACC chief (manifesto P14.1)None found

Have a bipartisan parliamentary select committee vet the MACC chief commissioner’s nomination.

Memerangi rasuah / Fighting corruption; pp. 39–40.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. The Prime Minister said in March 2023 that the next MACC-chief appointment would follow a process approved by a parliamentary select committee, but searches did not locate a bipartisan committee vetting an appointment under the promised arrangement.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P79Require asset declarations by ministers, MPs, senior civil servants, (manifesto P14.2)Records found

Require asset declarations by ministers, MPs, senior civil servants, GLC chairs and adult close family.

Memerangi rasuah / Fighting corruption; pp. 39–40.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

On 6 March 2024, the deputy law minister said a new, more comprehensive format for declarations by MPs and administrative members had been finalised for Cabinet consideration. The report does not establish the full statutory scope in the pledge.

Bernama

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P80Introduce a Freedom of Information Act and restrict OSA use, with pa (manifesto P14.3)Records found

Introduce a Freedom of Information Act and restrict OSA use, with parliamentary rather than ministerial classification.

Memerangi rasuah / Fighting corruption; pp. 39–40.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

On 14 September 2023, the Prime Minister's Office said the Special Cabinet Committee on National Governance had agreed in principle to enact an FOI Act and amend the Official Secrets Act accordingly. This was an in-principle decision, not an enacted Act or parliamentary classification system. The 2025 Voluntary National Review, published within the tenure, said an FOI Act was expected to be tabled in Parliament in 2025.

PMO/BernamaMinistry of Economy

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P81Use updated supply-price lists, RFP/open tender for projects, and re (manifesto P14.4)Records found

Use updated supply-price lists, RFP/open tender for projects, and restrict direct negotiation to national-security matters under an opposition-led select committee.

Memerangi rasuah / Fighting corruption; pp. 39–40.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

The Government Procurement Act 2025 was passed by both Houses in 2025 and, by 21 May 2026, FMT reported that the Federation of Malaysian Manufacturing was calling for its enforcement and subsidiary regulations. The source supports a new procurement-law framework, but does not establish the pledge's particular supply-price-list, RFP, direct-negotiation or opposition-committee design.

Free Malaysia Today

Independent reporting

FMT attributed the call for immediate enforcement to FMM and reported that the Act was Malaysia's first dedicated public-procurement legislation.

specified procurement instruments. Record limited to enactment/pending enforcement of a related Act

P82Amend whistleblower law to allow direct disclosure to the media (manifesto P14.5)None found

Amend whistleblower law to allow direct disclosure to the media.

Memerangi rasuah / Fighting corruption; pp. 39–40.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. FMT reported in February 2025 that proposed amendments did not protect a whistleblower who went public before reporting to an enforcement agency; a later 2025 amendment passed without establishing the promised direct-media protection.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P83Create an ombudsman for misconduct by politicians, civil servants an (manifesto P14.6)Records found

Create an ombudsman for misconduct by politicians, civil servants and authorities.

Memerangi rasuah / Fighting corruption; pp. 39–40.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

The Finance Ministry's Fiscal Outlook 2025 describes the Malaysian Ombudsman as an institutional-reform initiative and says Cabinet had agreed in June 2024 to comprehensive engagement on it. This is a government-described initiative, not an enactment; no federal Ombudsman enactment was located.

Ministry of Finance

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

Mengukuhkan integriti institusi / Institutional integrity

P84Limit the PM, Menteri Besar and Chief Minister to ten years (manifesto P15.1)Records found

Limit the PM, Menteri Besar and Chief Minister to ten years.

Mengukuhkan integriti institusi / Institutional integrity; pp. 41–42.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

The Edge reported that the Constitution (Amendment) Bill 2026 to cap a prime minister's tenure at 10 years failed to obtain the required two-thirds support on 2 March 2026. The bill concerned the prime minister; the searches did not establish matching limits for menteris besar or chief ministers.

The Edge Malaysia

Independent reporting

The Edge reported the defeat.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P85Separate the public prosecutor from the attorney-general (manifesto P15.2)Records found

Separate the public prosecutor from the attorney-general.

Mengukuhkan integriti institusi / Institutional integrity; pp. 41–42.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

The Constitution (Amendment) (No. 2) Bill 2026, first tabled on 23 February 2026, proposed a separate public prosecutor office. A parliamentary special select committee subsequently reviewed the Bill; it had not become law by the research boundary.

The Edge Malaysia

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P86Subject nominations for prosecutor, key MACC posts, Election Commiss (manifesto P15.3)Records found

Subject nominations for prosecutor, key MACC posts, Election Commission and police chief to cross-party select-committee review with security of tenure.

Mengukuhkan integriti institusi / Institutional integrity; pp. 41–42.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

In June 2026, the parliamentary special select committee proposed that Judicial and Legal Service Commission nominees for public prosecutor be given to Parliament, which could comment before appointment. This concerns the public prosecutor only; no matching arrangement was located for MACC, Election Commission or police-chief appointments.

Malay Mail/Ida Lim

Independent reporting

Malay Mail reported the committee's proposed parliamentary role.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P87Enact a Fixed-Term Parliament Act (manifesto P15.4)None found

Enact a Fixed-Term Parliament Act.

Mengukuhkan integriti institusi / Institutional integrity; pp. 41–42.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. On 16 January 2024 the Prime Minister said the unity-government leaders had not reached consensus on a Fixed-Term Parliament Act and it was not a priority.

Independent reporting

Government source (not independent reporting):

PMO/Bernama

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

Memperkasa sistem demokrasi dan kuasa rakyat / Democracy and people power

P88Restore a Parliamentary Service Act and improve parliamentary commit (manifesto P16.1)Records found

Restore a Parliamentary Service Act and improve parliamentary committees.

Memperkasa sistem demokrasi dan kuasa rakyat / Democracy and people power; pp. 43–44.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

The Dewan Rakyat passed the Parliamentary Services Bill 2025 on 5 March 2025 to establish Parliament's service as separate from the civil service. Malaysiakini reported on 21 July 2025 that the Parliamentary Services Act 2025 had received royal assent.

Free Malaysia TodayMalaysiakini/Bernama

Independent reporting

FMT reported the Bill's passage and its separation of Parliament from the civil service; Malaysiakini reported royal assent.

restoration of the Parliamentary Service Act is explicit. This records the Act, not a finding on parliamentary committees

P89Establish an independent Parliamentary Budget Office (manifesto P16.2)None found

Establish an independent Parliamentary Budget Office.

Memperkasa sistem demokrasi dan kuasa rakyat / Democracy and people power; pp. 43–44.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found increased parliamentary allocations and fiscal-law reporting requirements, not an independent Parliamentary Budget Office.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P90Enact a Political Financing Act (manifesto P16.3)Records found

Enact a Political Financing Act.

Memperkasa sistem demokrasi dan kuasa rakyat / Democracy and people power; pp. 43–44.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

By 26 January 2026, the Legal Affairs Division had conducted 20 stakeholder-engagement sessions and was developing policy parameters for a Political Funding Bill. The Bill had not been enacted by the research boundary.

Bernama

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P91Provide equal constituency-development funds to every MP through Par (manifesto P16.4)None found

Provide equal constituency-development funds to every MP through Parliament, not the PMO.

Memperkasa sistem demokrasi dan kuasa rakyat / Democracy and people power; pp. 43–44.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. FMT reported in February 2025 that government MPs received stated allocations in 2023–24, while IDEAS called for equal funds to be institutionalised; neither establishes equal funding for every MP through Parliament.

Independent reporting

[Free Malaysia Today, 13 February 2025, "Govt MPs received up to RM2.2mil in allocations since 2023, says minister", https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2025/02/13/govt-mps-received-up-to-rm2-2mil-in-allocations-since-2023-says-minister)

IDEAS

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P92Cap electoral-population deviation at 30% of average constituency si (manifesto P16.5)None found

Cap electoral-population deviation at 30% of average constituency size.

Memperkasa sistem demokrasi dan kuasa rakyat / Democracy and people power; pp. 43–44.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. OpenDOSM's 2024 constituency population table uses the existing 2015–18 delimitation boundaries; searches did not identify a 30% statutory cap or a new delimitation action.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P93Extend absentee voting to out-of-area voters, especially Sabah/Saraw (manifesto P16.6)None found

Extend absentee voting to out-of-area voters, especially Sabah/Sarawak diaspora.

Memperkasa sistem demokrasi dan kuasa rakyat / Democracy and people power; pp. 43–44.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. FMT reported calls for electronic voting for Borneo voters in Peninsular Malaysia, while the available postal-vote category remained for overseas voters rather than out-of-area domestic voters.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

Kebebasan media dan hak bersuara / Media freedom and speech

P94Review and repeal oppressive provisions in the Sedition Act 1948, Co (manifesto P17.1)None found

Review and repeal oppressive provisions in the Sedition Act 1948, Communications and Multimedia Act 1998, and Printing Presses and Publications Act 1984.

Kebebasan media dan hak bersuara / Media freedom and speech; pp. 45–46.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. No repeal or amendment action was located. New Straits Times reported on 6 November 2025 that the home minister said proposals to amend or repeal the Sedition Act required careful study.

Independent reporting

attributed the statement to the minister.

New Straits Times

named Acts and repeal/review; a statement that study was needed is not recorded as the pledged legal action

P95Establish a media council made up of media figures to protect media (manifesto P17.2)Likely met

Establish a media council made up of media figures to protect media freedom and welfare.

Kebebasan media dan hak bersuara / Media freedom and speech; pp. 45–46.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

The Malaysian Media Council Act 2025 came into force on 14 June 2025. FMT reported that the council would be an independent self-regulatory body and named media-industry representatives on its founding board; it also attributed to Bangi MP Syahredzan Johan the view that its establishment fulfilled the PH GE15 manifesto promise.

Free Malaysia TodayMalaysiakini/Bernama

Independent reporting

FMT reported the commencement, self-regulatory character and founding board; its statement about fulfilment is attributed to Syahredzan Johan.

specified media council. This is a unity-government Act; the reported political characterisation is attributed, not adopted as a verdict

P96Amend whistleblower law for direct media disclosure (manifesto P17.3)None found

Amend whistleblower law for direct media disclosure.

Kebebasan media dan hak bersuara / Media freedom and speech; pp. 45–46.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. FMT reported in February 2025 that the proposed amendments retained the requirement to report first to an enforcement agency. The Whistleblower Protection (Amendment) Bill 2025 passed, but this direct-media element was not located.

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

P97Introduce an FOI Act and restrict OSA classification to parliamentar (manifesto P17.4)Records found

Introduce an FOI Act and restrict OSA classification to parliamentary decision.

Kebebasan media dan hak bersuara / Media freedom and speech; pp. 45–46.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

On 14 September 2023, the Prime Minister's Office said the Special Cabinet Committee on National Governance had agreed in principle to an FOI Act and corresponding OSA amendments. The 2025 Voluntary National Review said an FOI Act was expected to be tabled in Parliament in 2025; searches did not locate a move of OSA classification to Parliament.

PMO/BernamaMinistry of Economy

Research bounded to 30 August 2026

Reformasi kesihatan / Health reform

P98Shift from “sick care” to health/wellness, addressing social det (manifesto P18.1)None found

Shift from “sick care” to health/wellness, addressing social determinants and equal access.

Reformasi kesihatan / Health reform; pp. 47–50.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

Outcome-level health-reform aspiration

P99Raise public-health spending to 5% of GDP within five years (manifesto P18.2)None found

Raise public-health spending to 5% of GDP within five years.

Reformasi kesihatan / Health reform; pp. 47–50.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches through 30 August 2026 found no source recording achievement of the specified 5%-of-GDP level.

The 5% of GDP target is testable; budget increases or general health reforms were not treated as evidence of it

P100Address NCDs through primary care, screening, education, wellness an (manifesto P18.3)None found

Address NCDs through primary care, screening, education, wellness and smoking reduction.

Reformasi kesihatan / Health reform; pp. 47–50.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

It gives policy approaches but no separately testable programme or target

P101Establish a Health Commission to formulate and monitor a National He (manifesto P18.4)None found

Establish a Health Commission to formulate and monitor a National Health Reform Plan.

Reformasi kesihatan / Health reform; pp. 47–50.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. The 2023 Health White Paper discussed a monitoring body, but the reporting located describes proposals and does not establish the promised Health Commission.

A proposed monitoring body is not treated as evidence that the named commission was established

P102Establish a National Health Service Commission for health-worker HR, (manifesto P18.5)None found

Establish a National Health Service Commission for health-worker HR, posts, training and careers, including contract doctors.

Reformasi kesihatan / Health reform; pp. 47–50.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found workforce measures, but no source recording establishment of the named National Health Service Commission.

Contract-doctor posts are not attributed to establishment of the promised commission

P103Reform delivery: shorter waits, modern facilities and flexible hours (manifesto P18.6)None found

Reform delivery: shorter waits, modern facilities and flexible hours in high-population clinics.

Reformasi kesihatan / Health reform; pp. 47–50.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

Service-improvement aspiration without a defined facility, programme or target

P104Guarantee doctor/health-worker welfare, including shift-based hospit (manifesto P18.7)None found

Guarantee doctor/health-worker welfare, including shift-based hospital operation.

Reformasi kesihatan / Health reform; pp. 47–50.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

Welfare aspiration, not a defined instrument

P105Expand holistic mental-health care and insurance cover (manifesto P18.8)None found

Expand holistic mental-health care and insurance cover.

Reformasi kesihatan / Health reform; pp. 47–50.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

No named scheme, coverage threshold or insurance instrument

Meningkatkan capaian internet / Internet access

P106End internet poverty through universal fast, high-quality coverage (manifesto P19.1)None found

End internet poverty through universal fast, high-quality coverage.

Meningkatkan capaian internet / Internet access; pp. 51–52.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

Universal-quality outcome; JENDELA coverage data was not attributed to this formulation

P107Develop Malaysia as a regional data-centre hub to improve digital in (manifesto P19.2)None found

Develop Malaysia as a regional data-centre hub to improve digital infrastructure and internet quality.

Meningkatkan capaian internet / Internet access; pp. 51–52.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

Hub-development aspiration without a defined project or target

Meningkatkan liputan pengangkutan awam / Public transport

P108Put 80% of urban areas within a ten-minute walk of a bus/rail stop, (manifesto P20.1)None found

Put 80% of urban areas within a ten-minute walk of a bus/rail stop, keep waits under ten minutes, and operate 10,000 buses (7,000 in Klang Valley).

Meningkatkan liputan pengangkutan awam / Public transport; pp. 53–54.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording delivery of the specified access, waiting-time and bus-fleet targets.

Contains measurable 80%, ten-minute and 10,000-bus targets

P109Cap fares at RM5 a day in addition to the RM50 monthly pass (manifesto P20.2)None found

Cap fares at RM5 a day in addition to the RM50 monthly pass.

Meningkatkan liputan pengangkutan awam / Public transport; pp. 53–54.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording the specified RM5 daily fare cap.

Specific fare change; the existing My50 pass is not evidence of an RM5 cap

P110Regulate and legalise e-scooters/e-bicycles for first/last-mile conn (manifesto P20.3)Records found

Regulate and legalise e-scooters/e-bicycles for first/last-mile connections.

Meningkatkan liputan pengangkutan awam / Public transport; pp. 53–54.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

On 18 June 2026, Transport Minister Loke Siew Fook said proposed Road Transport Act amendments, to be tabled the following week, would regulate e-scooters and hoverboards. The report describes a proposed Bill, not enactment or a completed legalisation of e-bicycles.

Free Malaysia Today

Independent reporting

FMT reported the minister's description of the proposed regulatory amendments; it also reported that e-scooters remained prohibited on public roads in May 2025.

The action is limited to a reported proposal to regulate e-scooters; no completed legalisation is asserted

P111Offer RM5 ride-hailing vouchers, up to ten per person, to/from named (manifesto P20.4)None found

Offer RM5 ride-hailing vouchers, up to ten per person, to/from named transit stations.

Meningkatkan liputan pengangkutan awam / Public transport; pp. 53–54.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording the specified RM5, ten-voucher transit ride-hailing scheme.

Specific voucher value and cap

P112Expand payment to debit cards and e-wallets beyond Touch ’n Go (manifesto P20.5)Records found

Expand payment to debit cards and e-wallets beyond Touch ’n Go.

Meningkatkan liputan pengangkutan awam / Public transport; pp. 53–54.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

Rapid Rail began accepting debit and credit cards at all Rapid KL customer-service counters on 30 April 2024 for tokens, Touch 'n Go reloads and My50/MyCity subscriptions. The report concerns counter transactions; it does not say that fare gates accepted those cards or e-wallets.

Free Malaysia Today

Independent reporting

FMT reported the Rapid Rail announcement and specified the limited counter uses.

A directly relevant payment expansion, recorded with its reported limitation

Reformasi pendidikan / Education reform

P113Increase existing free-breakfast funding for pupils in need (manifesto P21.1)Records found

Increase existing free-breakfast funding for pupils in need.

Reformasi pendidikan / Education reform; pp. 55–58.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

Budget 2025 raised Rancangan Makanan Tambahan (RMT) funding to RM870 million from RM784 million, for 860,000 pupils; Budget 2026 again allocated RM870 million, for 870,000 pupils. This is the existing targeted supplementary-food programme named by the pledge, rather than free breakfast for every pupil.

Prime Minister's OfficeMinistry of Finance

Research bounded to 30 August 2026. RMT is the existing targeted supplementary-food programme, rather than free breakfast for every pupil

P114Fund national 3M assessment and teacher support to reduce post-pande (manifesto P21.2)None found

Fund national 3M assessment and teacher support to reduce post-pandemic “lost generation” learning loss/dropout.

Reformasi pendidikan / Education reform; pp. 55–58.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording the specified national 3M assessment and teacher-support measure.

Names a national assessment and defined support response

P115Repair dilapidated schools urgently, including modular/IBS new build (manifesto P21.3)None found

Repair dilapidated schools urgently, including modular/IBS new buildings and better maintenance.

Reformasi pendidikan / Education reform; pp. 55–58.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

No named school, project or quantified repair commitment; general school allocations were not attributed to it

P116Reduce duplicate teacher procedures/reports and fund teaching assist (manifesto P21.4)None found

Reduce duplicate teacher procedures/reports and fund teaching assistants.

Reformasi pendidikan / Education reform; pp. 55–58.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

Administrative-improvement aspiration without a defined programme

P117Give fair allocations to the listed national, vernacular, religious, (manifesto P21.5)None found

Give fair allocations to the listed national, vernacular, religious, mission, tahfiz, pondok and independent-school types.

Reformasi pendidikan / Education reform; pp. 55–58.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

"Fair" allocations supplies no testable allocation or formula

P118Expand ethnic-language teaching capacity in IPG (manifesto P21.6)None found

Expand ethnic-language teaching capacity in IPG.

Reformasi pendidikan / Education reform; pp. 55–58.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording a defined IPG expansion for ethnic-language teaching.

IPG is a named institution, though the promise gives no numeric expansion target

P119Recognise UEC for public-university entry subject to SPM Bahasa Mela (manifesto P21.7)None found

Recognise UEC for public-university entry subject to SPM Bahasa Melayu credit.

Reformasi pendidikan / Education reform; pp. 55–58.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording adoption of the stated UEC entry recognition condition.

Specific admission-recognition rule

P120Repeal AUKU (manifesto P21.8)Records found

Repeal AUKU.

Reformasi pendidikan / Education reform; pp. 55–58.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

On 20 August 2026, Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim said that a Bill to repeal the Universities and University Colleges Act 1971 (AUKU) was expected to be tabled and passed that year. This is a reported intention and timetable, not evidence that repeal had occurred by the research bound.

Free Malaysia Today

Independent reporting

FMT reported both the planned Bill and that AUKU had instead last been amended in 2024.

No repeal is asserted as at 30 August 2026

P121Introduce targeted PTPTN debt cancellation for poor/B40 households a (manifesto P21.9)None found

Introduce targeted PTPTN debt cancellation for poor/B40 households and salary-based repayment from RM4,000.

Reformasi pendidikan / Education reform; pp. 55–58.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording the specified targeted cancellation and RM4,000 salary-based repayment rule.

Specific beneficiary group and repayment threshold

P122Add B40 scholarships and ensure excellent SPM/STPM students can ente (manifesto P21.10)None found

Add B40 scholarships and ensure excellent SPM/STPM students can enter public universities.

Reformasi pendidikan / Education reform; pp. 55–58.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording the specified additional B40 scholarships and guaranteed entry measure.

Named scholarship group and admission undertaking

Ketahanan bencana / Disaster resilience

P123Prioritise drainage/flood-mitigation and sustainable/ecological infr (manifesto P22.1)None found

Prioritise drainage/flood-mitigation and sustainable/ecological infrastructure in flood-prone areas.

Ketahanan bencana / Disaster resilience; pp. 59–60.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

Infrastructure priorities without a named project, scheme or target

P124Create a National Disaster Protection Scheme paying by loss value up (manifesto P22.2)None found

Create a National Disaster Protection Scheme paying by loss value up to RM50,000 for each affected house.

Ketahanan bencana / Disaster resilience; pp. 59–60.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording establishment of the named scheme or its stated payment design.

Named scheme with a defined payment basis and cap

P125Review NADMA’s structure and strengthen operations, risk reduction (manifesto P22.3)None found

Review NADMA’s structure and strengthen operations, risk reduction and early warning.

Ketahanan bencana / Disaster resilience; pp. 59–60.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording the specified NADMA structural review.

NADMA is a named agency; general disaster activity was not attributed to a structural review

P126Coordinate a whole-of-government flood/disaster-preparedness plan, i (manifesto P22.4)None found

Coordinate a whole-of-government flood/disaster-preparedness plan, including vulnerable people, homeless people, disabled people and older people.

Ketahanan bencana / Disaster resilience; pp. 59–60.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

Coordination aspiration without a defined plan or instrument

Pemeliharaan alam sekitar / Environment

P127Increase marine protected areas to 30% by 2030 (manifesto P23.1)None found

Increase marine protected areas to 30% by 2030.

Pemeliharaan alam sekitar / Environment; pp. 61–62.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording a measured increase to the stated 30% target.

Numeric area target

P128Enact a Transboundary Haze Act and strengthen regional enforcement c (manifesto P23.2)None found

Enact a Transboundary Haze Act and strengthen regional enforcement cooperation.

Pemeliharaan alam sekitar / Environment; pp. 61–62.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording enactment of a Transboundary Haze Act.

Named Act; regional cooperation alone was not treated as enactment

Ekonomi MADANI / MADANI economy

P129Raise renewable-energy investment to 50% of total primary energy sup (manifesto P24.1)None found

Raise renewable-energy investment to 50% of total primary energy supply and give more solar-transition incentives to private premises including homes.

Ekonomi MADANI / MADANI economy; pp. 63–64.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording achievement of the stated 50%-of-total-primary-energy-supply measure.

Specific energy-share target; other renewable targets use different measures

P130Make 20% of 10,500 public premises subject to energy-efficiency/rene (manifesto P24.2)None found

Make 20% of 10,500 public premises subject to energy-efficiency/renewable-energy projects.

Ekonomi MADANI / MADANI economy; pp. 63–64.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording the specified 20% of 10,500-premises measure.

Numeric premises target

Merancakkan perindustrian / Industrialisation

P131Simplify business/trade bureaucracy through agencies including MIDA, (manifesto P25.1)None found

Simplify business/trade bureaucracy through agencies including MIDA, MATRADE, SME Corp, MPC and MIDF.

Merancakkan perindustrian / Industrialisation; pp. 65–66.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

Naming agencies does not define a discrete simplification instrument

P132Add strategic funds for Malaysian firms’ domestic investment, auto (manifesto P25.2)None found

Add strategic funds for Malaysian firms’ domestic investment, automation, R&D, training and international certification.

Merancakkan perindustrian / Industrialisation; pp. 65–66.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

No named fund, amount or qualifying mechanism

P133Provide export incentives, including triple tax deductions for busin (manifesto P25.3)None found

Provide export incentives, including triple tax deductions for business travel and online-marketing grants/incentives.

Merancakkan perindustrian / Industrialisation; pp. 65–66.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording the stated triple tax-deduction incentive.

Specific tax treatment

P134Gazette free-trade zones in KKIP, POIC Lahad Datu/Sandakan and SOGIP (manifesto P25.4)None found

Gazette free-trade zones in KKIP, POIC Lahad Datu/Sandakan and SOGIP.

Merancakkan perindustrian / Industrialisation; pp. 65–66.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording gazettement of the full set of named zones.

Named locations and the specific act of gazettement

P135Upgrade water, electricity, sewerage and roads at industrial parks (manifesto P25.5)None found

Upgrade water, electricity, sewerage and roads at industrial parks.

Merancakkan perindustrian / Industrialisation; pp. 65–66.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

No named industrial park or works programme

Memperkasa PMKS dan usahawan / MSMEs and entrepreneurs

P136Streamline foreign-worker recruitment to address labour shortage (manifesto P26.1)None found

Streamline foreign-worker recruitment to address labour shortage.

Memperkasa PMKS dan usahawan / MSMEs and entrepreneurs; pp. 67–68.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

Administrative outcome without a named recruitment system

P137Establish a one-stop digitalisation centre for small and medium busi (manifesto P26.2)None found

Establish a one-stop digitalisation centre for small and medium businesses to apply for digitalisation incentives.

Memperkasa PMKS dan usahawan / MSMEs and entrepreneurs; pp. 67–68.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording establishment of the promised one-stop centre.

A defined centre, not generic SME digitalisation activity

P138Give productivity grants/incentives for technology, digital marketin (manifesto P26.3)None found

Give productivity grants/incentives for technology, digital marketing, consulting and technical services.

Memperkasa PMKS dan usahawan / MSMEs and entrepreneurs; pp. 67–68.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

No named grant or eligibility criteria

P139Increase venture-capital allocation regularly for high-technology MS (manifesto P26.4)None found

Increase venture-capital allocation regularly for high-technology MSME founders.

Memperkasa PMKS dan usahawan / MSMEs and entrepreneurs; pp. 67–68.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

No fund or allocation amount is specified

Memacu ekonomi sukan / Sports economy

P140Upgrade selected sports complexes as high-performance training desti (manifesto P27.1)None found

Upgrade selected sports complexes as high-performance training destinations.

Memacu ekonomi sukan / Sports economy; pp. 69–70.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

The complexes are not named

P141Consolidate major esports events and engage domestic/international e (manifesto P27.2)None found

Consolidate major esports events and engage domestic/international esports stakeholders on policy.

Memacu ekonomi sukan / Sports economy; pp. 69–70.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

Events and engagement are not defined by a programme or target

P142Digitise/simplify visas for international sport/esports athletes and (manifesto P27.3)None found

Digitise/simplify visas for international sport/esports athletes and support esports tournaments.

Memacu ekonomi sukan / Sports economy; pp. 69–70.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

No named visa category or legal change

P143Equip athletes with financial-management and communication skills (manifesto P27.4)None found

Equip athletes with financial-management and communication skills.

Memacu ekonomi sukan / Sports economy; pp. 69–70.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

Training aspiration without a named scheme

P144Improve public access to sport facilities and grassroots participati (manifesto P27.5)None found

Improve public access to sport facilities and grassroots participation.

Memacu ekonomi sukan / Sports economy; pp. 69–70.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

No facility, programme or participation target is specified

P145Work with YAKEB on skills/career training for retired athletes (manifesto P27.6)None found

Work with YAKEB on skills/career training for retired athletes.

Memacu ekonomi sukan / Sports economy; pp. 69–70.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording the specified YAKEB training collaboration.

YAKEB is a named body and the training purpose is specific

Industri kreatif dan budaya / Creative and cultural industries

P146Establish a special task force to develop a comprehensive National C (manifesto P28.1)None found

Establish a special task force to develop a comprehensive National Creative Industry Policy.

Industri kreatif dan budaya / Creative and cultural industries; pp. 71–72.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording establishment of the named task force.

Defined task force and policy output

P147Make Malaysia a film-production hub (manifesto P28.2)None found

Make Malaysia a film-production hub.

Industri kreatif dan budaya / Creative and cultural industries; pp. 71–72.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

Hub aspiration without a defined incentive or facility

P148Strengthen social safety nets for creative-industry practitioners (manifesto P28.3)None found

Strengthen social safety nets for creative-industry practitioners.

Industri kreatif dan budaya / Creative and cultural industries; pp. 71–72.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

No named safety-net programme

P149Establish an independent, professional and transparent film body (manifesto P28.4)None found

Establish an independent, professional and transparent film body.

Industri kreatif dan budaya / Creative and cultural industries; pp. 71–72.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording establishment of the promised film body.

Defined new institution

P150Amend licensing/legal framework to reduce unnecessary burdens on loc (manifesto P28.5)None found

Amend licensing/legal framework to reduce unnecessary burdens on local artists.

Industri kreatif dan budaya / Creative and cultural industries; pp. 71–72.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

It does not identify the law or licence to amend

P151Create a school Creative Culture Fund/training fund (manifesto P28.6)None found

Create a school Creative Culture Fund/training fund.

Industri kreatif dan budaya / Creative and cultural industries; pp. 71–72.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording creation of the named fund.

Defined fund

Kesejahteraan dan daya saing rakyat Malaysia / Wellbeing and competitiveness

P152Remove discrimination barriers in education, work and housing rental (manifesto P29.1)None found

Remove discrimination barriers in education, work and housing rental.

Kesejahteraan dan daya saing rakyat Malaysia / Wellbeing and competitiveness; pp. 73–74.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

Anti-discrimination aspiration without an identified legal or programme measure

P153Increase IPTA/TVET access for youth in the named communities (manifesto P29.2)None found

Increase IPTA/TVET access for youth in the named communities.

Kesejahteraan dan daya saing rakyat Malaysia / Wellbeing and competitiveness; pp. 73–74.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

Access goal without a quota, scheme or target

P154Review MITRA and create a “Makkal Malarchi” fund, including a mi (manifesto P29.3)None found

Review MITRA and create a “Makkal Malarchi” fund, including a minimum 40% women/disabled quota in support programmes.

Kesejahteraan dan daya saing rakyat Malaysia / Wellbeing and competitiveness; pp. 73–74.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording the specified MITRA review together with creation of the named fund.

MITRA and the proposed Makkal Malarchi fund are named objects

P155Require replacement housing for displaced estate/ex-estate workers a (manifesto P29.4)None found

Require replacement housing for displaced estate/ex-estate workers and Orang Asli villages.

Kesejahteraan dan daya saing rakyat Malaysia / Wellbeing and competitiveness; pp. 73–74.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording the stated replacement-housing requirement.

A specific regulatory requirement

P156Provide microcredit, finance, training and administration/regulatory (manifesto P29.5)None found

Provide microcredit, finance, training and administration/regulatory support for business, agriculture and livestock, with a 40% women/disabled quota.

Kesejahteraan dan daya saing rakyat Malaysia / Wellbeing and competitiveness; pp. 73–74.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

General assistance categories, not a named programme

P157Establish an RCI into misuse/corruption involving Maika, MIED, SEED, (manifesto P29.6)None found

Establish an RCI into misuse/corruption involving Maika, MIED, SEED, SEDIC, NAAM, Penjana Kerja and MITRA funds.

Kesejahteraan dan daya saing rakyat Malaysia / Wellbeing and competitiveness; pp. 73–74.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording establishment of the proposed Royal Commission of Inquiry.

Defined inquiry and named funds/entities

Membela nasib orang asal / Indigenous peoples

P158Amend relevant law/policy to strengthen native customary land rights (manifesto P30.1)None found

Amend relevant law/policy to strengthen native customary land rights.

Membela nasib orang asal / Indigenous peoples; pp. 75–76.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

Does not identify the law or policy to amend

P159Establish a Land Tribunal for customary-land disputes (manifesto P30.2)None found

Establish a Land Tribunal for customary-land disputes.

Membela nasib orang asal / Indigenous peoples; pp. 75–76.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording establishment of the named tribunal.

Defined institution and jurisdiction

P160Accelerate grants/recognition of customary tenure, including Sabah P (manifesto P30.3)None found

Accelerate grants/recognition of customary tenure, including Sabah PANTAS with RM100m annually until resolved.

Membela nasib orang asal / Indigenous peoples; pp. 75–76.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

General tenure-recognition outcome; routine grant activity was not attributed to it

P161Establish a Sabah Native Judiciary Department and ILMAN certificatio (manifesto P30.4)None found

Establish a Sabah Native Judiciary Department and ILMAN certification for native-court staff.

Membela nasib orang asal / Indigenous peoples; pp. 75–76.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording establishment of the named department or ILMAN certification measure.

Named department and institute

P162Apply Free, Prior and Informed Consent to government development inv (manifesto P30.5)None found

Apply Free, Prior and Informed Consent to government development involving indigenous territories.

Membela nasib orang asal / Indigenous peoples; pp. 75–76.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

Consent principle without an identified statutory or administrative instrument

Jurang pembangunan Sabah, Sarawak dan Semenanjung / Regional gap

P163Establish a National Administrative Coordination Council with autono (manifesto P31.1)None found

Establish a National Administrative Coordination Council with autonomous-operating agencies for Sabah, Sarawak and Peninsular Malaysia.

Jurang pembangunan Sabah, Sarawak dan Semenanjung / Regional gap; pp. 77–78.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording establishment of the named council.

Defined council

P164Appoint two deputy prime ministers: one from Sabah/Sarawak and one f (manifesto P31.2)Records found

Appoint two deputy prime ministers: one from Sabah/Sarawak and one from the Peninsula.

Jurang pembangunan Sabah, Sarawak dan Semenanjung / Regional gap; pp. 77–78.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

On 2 December 2022, the PH-led unity government appointed Ahmad Zahid Hamidi and Fadillah Yusof as deputy prime ministers; FMT reported Fadillah as the first East Malaysian deputy prime minister. FMT identified Zahid as UMNO/BN and Fadillah as GPS, rather than PH.

Free Malaysia Today

Independent reporting

FMT reported the appointments in the PH-led unity government and the coalition affiliations of the appointees.

This is a direct match to the two-DPM and Borneo representation elements; the other appointee was from BN, a unity-government partner

P165Expand specialist services such as heart and cancer units to general (manifesto P31.3)None found

Expand specialist services such as heart and cancer units to general hospitals in dense areas of Sabah/Sarawak.

Jurang pembangunan Sabah, Sarawak dan Semenanjung / Regional gap; pp. 77–78.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

No named hospital, unit or measurable expansion

P166Establish two public universities in Sabah/Sarawak and integrate TVE (manifesto P31.4)None found

Establish two public universities in Sabah/Sarawak and integrate TVET.

Jurang pembangunan Sabah, Sarawak dan Semenanjung / Regional gap; pp. 77–78.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording establishment of two specified public universities or the stated TVET integration.

Numeric university commitment and defined integration measure

Pelaksanaan MA63 / Implementing MA63

P167Return 40% of Sabah’s revenue as contemplated by Constitution art (manifesto P32.1)Records found

Return 40% of Sabah’s revenue as contemplated by Constitution art. 112C/Tenth Schedule, and review Sarawak’s position under art. 112D every five years.

Pelaksanaan MA63 / Implementing MA63; pp. 79–80.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

On 14 April 2026, Sabah and federal representatives discussed and reconciled revenue data for 2007–2025, with the minister saying negotiations on Sabah's 40% entitlement were not concluded. This is a recorded negotiation step, not evidence of a 40% return or payment.

Free Malaysia Today

Independent reporting

FMT reported both reconciliation of revenue data and that negotiations had not concluded; Malaysiakini reported the 2025 High Court ruling that the federal government had failed to honour the entitlement.

The action is confined to reported negotiations on the exact 40% subject matter; no payment is inferred

P168Restore TYT power to appoint Sabah/Sarawak High Court judicial commi (manifesto P32.2)None found

Restore TYT power to appoint Sabah/Sarawak High Court judicial commissioners as contemplated by the IGC Report.

Pelaksanaan MA63 / Implementing MA63; pp. 79–80.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording restoration of the stated appointment power.

Specific constitutional/judicial appointment power

P169Honour MA63 and all twelve documents, especially IGC, according to o (manifesto P32.3)None found

Honour MA63 and all twelve documents, especially IGC, according to original intent.

Pelaksanaan MA63 / Implementing MA63; pp. 79–80.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

General compliance formulation, even though it references named historical documents

P170Ensure 35% of parliamentary representation is from Sabah and Sarawak (manifesto P32.4)None found

Ensure 35% of parliamentary representation is from Sabah and Sarawak.

Pelaksanaan MA63 / Implementing MA63; pp. 79–80.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording adoption of the stated 35% representation threshold.

Numeric representation target

Desentralisasi kuasa Sabah dan Sarawak / Decentralisation

P171Amend the Ninth Schedule to put education and health on the Concurre (manifesto P33.1)None found

Amend the Ninth Schedule to put education and health on the Concurrent List and strengthen territorial-government roles.

Desentralisasi kuasa Sabah dan Sarawak / Decentralisation; pp. 81–82.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording the specified Ninth Schedule amendment.

Identified constitutional schedule and subject-matter change

P172Hand over Sabah Electricity governance on agreed terms (manifesto P33.2)Records found

Hand over Sabah Electricity governance on agreed terms.

Desentralisasi kuasa Sabah dan Sarawak / Decentralisation; pp. 81–82.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

The federal government set 3 January 2024 for transfer of electricity-supply regulatory powers to Sabah. FMT reported the announced date in October 2023; this is a directly related devolution action.

Free Malaysia Today/Bernama

Independent reporting

FMT/Bernama reported the transfer date and the continuing federal support connected to the SESB Transformation Plan.

The source identifies the promised subject, electricity regulatory powers; it records the scheduled transfer rather than broader electricity projects

P173Democratise/empower village community-management councils with direc (manifesto P33.3)None found

Democratise/empower village community-management councils with direct federal allocation.

Desentralisasi kuasa Sabah dan Sarawak / Decentralisation; pp. 81–82.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

No named council, election mechanism or allocation amount

P174Apply 70% Borneonisation in central/state-agency jobs for qualified (manifesto P33.4)None found

Apply 70% Borneonisation in central/state-agency jobs for qualified Sabah/Sarawak natives, particularly senior levels.

Desentralisasi kuasa Sabah dan Sarawak / Decentralisation; pp. 81–82.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording achievement of the specified 70% employment composition.

Numeric employment target

P175Upgrade dilapidated schools, expand ethnic-language teaching, establ (manifesto P33.5)None found

Upgrade dilapidated schools, expand ethnic-language teaching, establish a Sabah public-university law faculty and improve health-lab facilities.

Desentralisasi kuasa Sabah dan Sarawak / Decentralisation; pp. 81–82.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording the composite measure, including the named Sabah public-university law faculty.

Includes a defined law-faculty institutional commitment; general school works were not attributed to it

Warga asing di Sabah / Foreign-citizen issues in Sabah

P176Establish a special task force of relevant agencies for separate sol (manifesto P34.1)None found

Establish a special task force of relevant agencies for separate solutions to questionable MyKad holders, Filipino war refugees, stateless people and undocumented migrants.

Warga asing di Sabah / Foreign-citizen issues in Sabah; pp. 83–84.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording establishment of the specified task force.

Defined task force and specified affected groups

Pekerjaan dan pelaburan Sabah/Sarawak / Jobs and investment

P177Upgrade POIC Lahad Datu and Sepanggar ports and build Kudat port (manifesto P35.1)None found

Upgrade POIC Lahad Datu and Sepanggar ports and build Kudat port.

Pekerjaan dan pelaburan Sabah/Sarawak / Jobs and investment; pp. 84–85.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found reporting on a proposed Kudat–Palawan ferry service, but no source recording the promised port upgrades and new port as a single action.

The ferry proposal was not attributed to constructing Kudat port or upgrading the two named ports

P178Gazette free-trade zones at KKIP, POIC Lahad Datu and SOGIP (manifesto P35.2)None found

Gazette free-trade zones at KKIP, POIC Lahad Datu and SOGIP.

Pekerjaan dan pelaburan Sabah/Sarawak / Jobs and investment; pp. 84–85.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording gazettement of all three named free-trade zones.

Named locations and specific gazettement action

P179Fund basic industrial-park infrastructure in Sabah (water, power, se (manifesto P35.3)None found

Fund basic industrial-park infrastructure in Sabah (water, power, sewerage and roads).

Pekerjaan dan pelaburan Sabah/Sarawak / Jobs and investment; pp. 84–85.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

No named industrial park or funded works package

P180Equip main airports with cold storage, aircraft MRO and an aerospace (manifesto P35.4)None found

Equip main airports with cold storage, aircraft MRO and an aerospace industrial park.

Pekerjaan dan pelaburan Sabah/Sarawak / Jobs and investment; pp. 84–85.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

Airports and industrial-park location are not identified

Demokrasi dan ketelusan semua peringkat / Local democracy

P181Provide consistent, open platforms for public participation in local (manifesto P36.1)None found

Provide consistent, open platforms for public participation in local development and policy.

Demokrasi dan ketelusan semua peringkat / Local democracy; pp. 86–87.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

Participation aspiration without a named platform or process

P182Work towards representative democracy and transparency in DBKL (manifesto P36.2)None found

Work towards representative democracy and transparency in DBKL.

Demokrasi dan ketelusan semua peringkat / Local democracy; pp. 86–87.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

DBKL is named, but no specific democratic mechanism or transparency instrument is promised

Pendigitalan kerajaan / Government digitalisation

P183Make government administration accessible by smartphone, including c (manifesto P37.1)None found

Make government administration accessible by smartphone, including counter services such as JPJ and Immigration.

Pendigitalan kerajaan / Government digitalisation; pp. 88–89.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

Digital-access aspiration, not a defined application or service rollout

P184Coordinate overlapping/excessive public-service SOPs to reduce offic (manifesto P37.2)None found

Coordinate overlapping/excessive public-service SOPs to reduce officials’ workload and make dealings easier for the public.

Pendigitalan kerajaan / Government digitalisation; pp. 88–89.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

Administrative outcome without an identified SOP reform

Keselamatan negara / National security

P185Establish a single border agency using big data and AI (manifesto P38.1)Records found

Establish a single border agency using big data and AI.

Keselamatan negara / National security; pp. 90–93.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

The Malaysia Checkpoints and Border Agency (MCBA) assumed responsibility for the country's borders from 1 May 2024. On 5 May, the home minister described its establishment as a border-security step and said the government was considering AI; FMT reported that the Bill had not yet gone through Parliament.

Free Malaysia Today

Independent reporting

FMT reported the MCBA's operational responsibility and clearly distinguished it from the then-unreviewed Bill and AI consideration.

Directly related agency action, with the source's caveat that statutory passage and AI deployment were not established

P186Modernise defence according to the 2019 Defence White Paper and crea (manifesto P38.2)None found

Modernise defence according to the 2019 Defence White Paper and create a funded tri-service capability plan.

Keselamatan negara / National security; pp. 90–93.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording the specified funded tri-service capability plan.

The 2019 Defence White Paper and the promised plan are defined subjects; procurement activity was not attributed to them

P187Enact a Government Procurement Act and overhaul defence procurement (manifesto P38.3)Records found

Enact a Government Procurement Act and overhaul defence procurement.

Keselamatan negara / National security; pp. 90–93.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

The Dewan Negara passed the Government Procurement Bill 2025 on 8 September 2025. Malaysiakini described its stated subject as duties, accountability, governance and transparency in government procurement; this records passage of a Bill, not a claim about a completed defence-procurement overhaul.

Malaysiakini/Bernama

Independent reporting

Malaysiakini/Bernama reported the Senate vote; FMT later described the passed Bill as strengthening accountability and enforcement in procurement.

Direct match for the Government Procurement Act/Bill limb, stated at the exact legislative stage reported

P188Establish a bipartisan parliamentary committee on personnel welfare (manifesto P38.4)None found

Establish a bipartisan parliamentary committee on personnel welfare and post-service work for veterans.

Keselamatan negara / National security; pp. 90–93.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording establishment of the proposed bipartisan committee.

Defined parliamentary committee and remit

P189Create a Defence Capacity Action Framework and a National Defence In (manifesto P38.5)None found

Create a Defence Capacity Action Framework and a National Defence Industry Policy.

Keselamatan negara / National security; pp. 90–93.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording creation of the two named instruments.

Defined framework and policy

P190Strengthen ESSCOM; protect personal data and improve anti-scam enfor (manifesto P38.6)Records found

Strengthen ESSCOM; protect personal data and improve anti-scam enforcement; strengthen border defence; empower IPCC.

Keselamatan negara / National security; pp. 90–93.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

The Independent Police Conduct Commission (IPCC) was established on 1 July 2023; in July 2024 the home minister said it had received 348 complaints. This is a directly related action for the pledge's IPCC limb, not evidence for every other security and data-protection limb.

Free Malaysia Today

Independent reporting

FMT reported the establishment date, complaint count and that the commission had been operational for a year.

Composite pledge; only the named IPCC element is recorded here. The Personal Data Protection (Amendment) Act 2024 is a separate, relevant legal development but was not needed to support this entry

Malaysia gemilang di persada dunia / Malaysia in the world

P191Position Malaysia as an influential middle power while maintaining n (manifesto P39.1)None found

Position Malaysia as an influential middle power while maintaining non-alignment and bilateral ties, resisting harmful outside interference and great-power conflict.

Malaysia gemilang di persada dunia / Malaysia in the world; pp. 94–95.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

Foreign-policy aspiration without a defined action or target

P192Promote ASEAN as a principal global trade bloc and keep Malaysia an (manifesto P39.2)None found

Promote ASEAN as a principal global trade bloc and keep Malaysia an important, committed ASEAN member.

Malaysia gemilang di persada dunia / Malaysia in the world; pp. 94–95.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. This pledge names no specific measure; no action is attributed to it.

ASEAN engagement and trade-bloc aspiration; chairing ASEAN was not attributed to this formulation

The ten headline priorities

P193Disaster-resilience priority-page formulationNone found

“Bina Ketahanan Bencana dan Mantapkan Perlindungan (Bantuan sehingga RM50,000 setiap rumah terkesan)” / build disaster resilience and strengthen protection (aid up to RM50,000 per affected home).

The ten headline priorities; p. 9.

Pakatan Harapanofficial campaign page

What we found

None found. Searches found no source recording a disaster-protection scheme paying the stated up-to-RM50,000 amount.

The priority-page formulation contains an up-to-RM50,000 payment figure and duplicates the operational measure in P124

Every promise, every election →
← GE14 (2018)

Common questions

Why is GE15 called a hung parliament?

GE15 is called a hung parliament because no single coalition won 112 of the 222 parliamentary seats. PH won 82 seats, PN 74, BN 30, GPS 23 and GRS six, with the remaining seats going to Warisan, Independents, PBM and KDM.

Bernama

What happened after GE15 produced no clear winner?

Anwar Ibrahim was appointed Prime Minister on 24 November 2022 after negotiations between parties and consultations by the palace. PH, BN and GPS were the principal participating coalitions in the new unity government, and GRS joined the following day..

Parliament of MalaysiaBernama

Why was GE15 polling held during the monsoon criticised?

The polling date was criticised because it fell during the north-east monsoon, when meteorological warnings had raised concerns about flooding. Opposition figures and members of the cabinet publicly criticised the timing.

Channel NewsAsia

How did BN do in GE15 compared with GE14?

BN won 30 seats in GE15, compared with 79 seats in GE14 in one count, though some accounts count 80. The contest also differed from GE14 because PH, BN and PN competed against one another in many seats, rather than the earlier two-coalition pattern.

ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute

Did PN's GE15 result show a nationwide voter shift?

There is more than one interpretation. Kai Ostwald and Steven Oliver argued that the change was concentrated mainly in two electoral arenas and was partly due to coalition realignment, rather than a broad change in voter preferences. Bridget Welsh argued that PN's result reflected its appeal among Malay voters, including memories of Covid-19 assistance and its campaign positioning..

ISEAS–Yusof Ishak InstituteBridget Welsh